Italy’s past was established on the basis of the Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire was dominated by most parts of western and central Europe. In the Middle Ages, the Head of the Holy Roman Empire was considered the political head of the entire Christian world and Pope was the head of religion. No one dared to break the order of the Pope and the rulers had to obey the orders. However, with the fall of Constantinople, the holy Roman Empire was also destroyed. The main feature of the Middle Ages was feudal practice. However, with the modern era, the feudal practices collapsed and the king gained full military and political power. After the 16th century, the Holy Roman Empire was weakened and strong monarchy was established in Spain, France and England. In the Middle Ages, Rome was very powerful in the Christian world, but in the modern era, Pope’s power was greatly reduced and many powerful rulers began to oppose Pope’s orders. The eighth Henry (King of England) did not obey the order of the Pope. His country is also a Roman Catholic Church
He cut off relationships with and established a new national religious institution led by the king. He was the head of the eighth Henry church. Martin Luther also had to leave the Christian ceremonies at the order of the Pope in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. Thus, a group of society became known as Protestants against Roman Catholic religion. In the modern era, the Christian world was separated in two public. One of these was the Roman Catholics and the other was the Protestants.
The feudal practices did not develop in the European states but under the influence of the Renaissance in the modern era and the rise of the national monarchy led to the emergence of national ideology among the people. Both the kings and subjects paid attention to the welfare of the kingdom and the improvement of all aspects. The army was entrusted with the responsibility of security of the state and led to the foundation of nationalism and patriotism. Latin was in force in many European countries in the Middle Ages, but in the modern era, local and national languages ​​dominated. This led to the advancement of English in England, Germany in Germany and French in France.
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