Month: June 2023

The woodcutters of java in India

The Kalangs of Java were a community of skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators. They were so valuable that in 1755 when the Mataram kingdom of Java split, the 6,000 Kalang families were equally divided between the two kingdoms. Without their expertise, it would have been difficult to harvest teak and for the kings to…

Read the full article

Ukuguqulwa kwamahlathi eJava eNdiya

Manje uJava udume njengesiqhingi esikhiqiza irayisi e-Indonesia. Bulala kanye ngesikhathi kwambozwa kakhulu ngamahlathi. Amandla amakoloni e-Indonesia ayengowaseDashi, futhi njengoba sizobona, kunokufana okuningi emithethweni yokulawulwa kwehlathi e-Indonesia naseNdiya. IJava e-Indonesia yilapho i-Dutch iqale ukuphathwa kwamahlathi. NjengamaBritish, afuna izingodo kusuka kuJava ukwakha imikhumbi. Ngo-1600, inani labantu baseJava lalilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-3.4. Kwakunemizana eminingi emathafeni avundile, kepha futhi kwakukhona…

Read the full article

印度爪哇的森林转变

爪哇现在以印度尼西亚的稻米生产岛而闻名。曾几何时,它主要被森林覆盖。印度尼西亚的殖民权力是荷兰人,正如我们将看到的,印度尼西亚和印度的森林控制法律有许多相似之处。印度尼西亚的爪哇是荷兰人开始森林管理的地方。像英国人一样,他们希望来自Java的木材能够建造船只。 1600年,Java的人口估计为340万。肥沃的平原上有许多村庄,但是山上也有许多社区,正在练习转移的种植。  Language: Chinese