Science, MCQs
Isikhathi esisuka ku-1793 saya ku-1794 kubhekiselwa kuwo njengokubusa kovalo. URoberpirere walandela inqubomgomo yokulawulwa okukhulu nesijeziso. Bonke labo ambona ‘njengezitha’ zeRiphabhulikhi – amalungu eRiphabhulikhi, amalungu eqembu lezepolitiki, ngisho namalungu eqembu lakhe angavumelani nezindlela zakhe – aboshwa, wabe esezama yiNkantolo Yezinguquko . Uma inkantolo bekuthola ‘benecala’ babunjiwe. I-guillotine iyithuluzi elinezigxobo ezimbili kanye necala umuntu anqunywa ikhanda ngalo. Yaqanjwa ngokuthi uDkt Guillotin owasungula lokho. Uhulumeni kaRoberpirere ukhiphe imithetho ebeka ophahleni oluphezulu emiholweni nasekuphepheni. Inyama nesinkwa bevulwe. Abalimi baphoqeleka ukuba bathuthe okusanhlamvu kwabo emadolobheni futhi bayithengise ngamanani ahlelwe nguhulumeni. Ukusetshenziswa kukafulawa omhlophe obiza kakhulu ayenqatshelwe; Zonke izakhamizi zazidingeka ukuthi zidle izinhlungu d’egalite (isinkwa sokulingana), isinkwa esenziwe nge-wholewheat. Ukulingana nakho bekufunwa ukusenziwa yize kunjalo amafomu enhlaka nekheli. Esikhundleni seMonsieur yendabuko (Mnumzane) neMadame (Madam) wonke ama-mem french nabesifazane babekhona manje iCyoyen neCitoyenne (isakhamuzi). Amasonto avalwa futhi isakhiwo sawo saguqulwa saba amakamelo noma amahhovisi. URoberpirere waphishekela izinqubomgomo zakhe ngokungapheliyo kangangokuba ngisho nabasekeli bakhe baqala ukufumelela. Ekugcineni, walahlwa yicala ngoJulayi 1794, oboshwe nangosuku olulandelayo athumele emsebenzini we-guillotine aqhathanisa imibono yeDesmoulins noRobespierre. Ngabe umthamo ngamunye uqonda kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwamabutho wombuso? Yikuphi umthamo uRospierre osho ‘impi yenkululeko yokulwa nobushiqela’? UDesmoulins ubona kanjani inkululeko? BHEKA futhi uphinde ubheke ku-SADE C. Ngabe imithetho yoMthethosisekelo yalena yini amalungelo abantu abalele phansi? Xoxa ngemibono yakho ngale ndaba ekilasini. Yini inkululeko? Imibono emibili engqubuzanayo: Intatheli yezinguquko zeCamille Desmoulins yayigqoka okulandelayo ngo-1793. Wabulawa ngemuva nje kokunye, ngesikhathi sokubusa abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi baye esigabeni noma bagwetshwe ngaphambi kokuthi babone ukuvuthwa. Impela okuphambene. Inkululeko iyinjabulo, isizathu, ukulingana, ubulungiswa, kuyisimemezelo sokudla kwesokudla … Ungathanda ukuqeda zonke izitha zakho nge-guillotincing. Ngabe kukhona umuntu owezwa ngokuthile okungenangqondo? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ulethe umuntu oyedwa ku-scaffold ngaphandle kokwenza izitha eziyishumi phakathi kobudlelwano bakhe nabangane? ‘
Ngomhlaka 7 kuFebhuwari 1794, uRobespirere wenza upentshise emhlanganweni, owawusethwa ngephephandaba iLe Moniteur Universel. Nakhu okukhishwe kukho:
`Ukusungula nokuhlanganisa intando yeningi, ukufeza ukubusa okunokuthula komthetho woMthethosisekelo, kufanele siqede impi yenkululeko ngokumelene ne-thiranny …. Kufanele siqoqele izitha zeRiphabhulikhi ekhaya naphesheya, noma kungenjalo sizoshabalala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uhulumeni wentando yeningi angancika ekwesango. Ukwesaba akulutho kodwa ubulungiswa, osheshayo, obukhulu futhi obungenakuphikiswa; … futhi isetshenziselwa ukufeza izidingo eziphuthumayo kakhulu zezwe. Ukunqamula izitha zenkululeko ngovalo lulungelo lomsunguli weRiphabhulikhi. ‘
Language: Zuluence, MCQs