Mukutonga kweColonial, hupenyu hwevafundisita hwakachinja zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo dzawo dzinogara dzinofamba, kufamba kwavo kwakadzorwa, uye mari yavaifanira kubhadhara kuwedzera. Zvishoro zvavo zvekurima zvakadzikira uye vatengesi vavo uye mhizha zvakakanganiswa zvakashata. Sei?
Kutanga, iyo coloniation yenyika yaida kushandura nyika dzese dzekubereka dzirongwa dzakarimwa. Mari yepasi yaive imwe yemasangano makuru ezvemari yayo. Nekurimwa nekuwedzera kunogona kuwedzera muunganidzwa wayo. Zvinogona kuitika panguva imwe chete kubereka Jute, machira, gotoni, gorosi uye zvimwe zvekurima zvekurima izvo zvaidikanwa kuEngland. Kune vatungamiriri vekoloni nyika dzese dzisina kuchenesa raiita sevasina kubereka: Yakagadzirwa isina mari kana kuti inogadzira kurima. Izvo zvakaonekwa se ‘marara ivhu’ izvo zvaida kuunzwa pasi pekurimwa. Kubva pakati pezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, marara enyika mitemo yakaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzenyika. Nemitemo iyi ine nyika dzisina kuchenesa dzakatorwa uye dzakapihwa kusarudza vanhu. Vanhu ava vakapiwa mvumo dzakasiyana siyana uye kukurudzirwa kugadzirisa nyika idzi. Vamwe vacho vakaitwa vakuru vemisha munzvimbo dzichangojekeswa. Munzvimbo dzakawanda nzvimbo dzakatorwa dzaitorwa dzaive dzichiita maturakiti airovera nguva dzose nevanhu vepasita. Saka kuwedzera kwekurimwa zvisingaite kwaireva kudzikira kwemafuro uye dambudziko kune vafundisi.
Chechipiri, pakazosvika pakati pezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, mabasa akasiyana-siyana ebusango ainyorwazve mumatunhu akasiyana. Kuburikidza nezvinhu izvi mamwe masango akagadzira kutengeswa kwakakosha matanda kunge Dodar kana Sal vakaziviswa ‘vakachengetwa. Hapana wemafufa akabvumidzwa kuwana kune aya masango. Mamwe masango aive akasarudzika se ‘akadzivirirwa’. Mune izvi, dzimwe kodzero dzetsika dzetsika dzemahara dzakapihwa asi kufamba kwavo kwakadziviswa zvakanyanya. Vakuru vekoloni vaitenda kuti groone iyoyo vakaparadza mapuranga uye matavi madiki emiti akamera pane sango pasi. Mombe dzakatsikwa-tsikwa pamusoro pemapuranga uye kufambisa mapfumo. Izvi zvakadzivirira miti mitsva kukura.
Idzi sango zviito zvakachinja hupenyu hwevatatu hwevaAfrica. Ivo vaive zvino vadziviswa kuti vapinde mumasango mazhinji akange ambotipa fungidziro yakakosha yemombe dzadzo. Kunyangwe munzvimbo dzavaibvumidzwa kupinda, kufamba kwavo kwakadzorwa. Vaida mvumo yekupinda. Nguva yekupinda kwavo uye yekuenda yaive
Tsime C
H.S. Gibson, Mutevedzeri wevashandi vemasango, Darjeeling, akanyora muna 1913; … Sango rinoshandiswa kurongedza harigone kushandiswa kune chero chimwe chinangwa uye kutadza kubereka matanda uye mafuta, ndedzipi nzvimbo huru yemutemo yedondo
Chiitiko
Nyora chirevo pakuvharwa kweiyo nzira dzekuisa kubva pane zvekunzwisisa kwe:
➤ Sango
➤ Mufundisi
Mazwi matsva
Kodzero dzetsika – kodzero dzaishandiswa nevanhu netsika netsika dzakatsanangurwa, uye huwandu hwemazuva dzavaigona kushandisa mudondo raive rashoma. Vafundisi havana kugona kuramba vari munzvimbo kunyangwe forahray vaivapo, huswa hwaive hwakakurumbira uye hunyengeri musango hwaive hwakakwana. Vaifanira kufamba nekuti Dhipatimendi reSango rinotendera izvo zvakange zvapihwa izvozvi vakatonga hupenyu hwavo. Mvumo yakatsanangurwa nguva iyo yavangave vari pamutemo mukati medondo. Kana vakangoda ivo vaive nemhosva yekuita faindi.
Yetatu, machinda eBritish aifungidzirwa nevanhu vasina musoro. Vakashusha mhizha yenhare uye vatengesi vaiisa zvinhu zvavo mumisha, uye vaiti vezvakaitika vaishandura nzvimbo dzekugara mese, vachifamba vachitsvaga mapoka avo, hurumende yekoloni yaida kutonga vanhu vakagadziriswa. Vaida vanhu vekumaruwa kuti vagare mumisha, munzvimbo dzakatemwa nekodzero dzakasimba kune mamwe minda. Huwandu hwakadaro hwaive nyore kuziva uye kudzora. Avo vakagadziriswa vakaonekwa sekugara vane rugare, uye vanogara mutemo. Avo vaive vasina musoro vaionekwa sevatsotsi. Muna 1871, hurumende yekoloni muIndia yakapfuura madzinza ematsotsi. Nezveizvi zvinoita nharaunda dzakawanda dzemhizha, vatengesi nevatengesi vakaratidzwa semadzinza ematsotsi. Vakataurwa kuti vatsotsi nemasikirwo uye nekuzvarwa. Kana ichi chiitiko chikauya musimba, nharaunda idzi dzakatarisirwa kurarama chete munzvimbo dzinoziviswa. Ivo havana kubvumidzwa kubuda kunze kwekubvumidza. Mapurisa emusha akaramba achivatarisisa pavari.
Chechina, kuwedzera mari yayo yemari, hurumende yekoloni yaitsvaga zvese zvinogoneka mutero. Saka mutero wakarongedzwa panyika, pamvura yemujaya, pane munyu, pane zvekutengeserana zvinhu, uye kunyange pamhuka. Vafundisi vaifanira kubhadhara mutero pamhuka imwe neimwe yavakawana pamafuro. Mumatambudziko euIndia eIndia, mutero wekufudza wakaziviswa pakati pezana regumi nemapfumbamwe. Mutero uri mumusoro wenyaya wakakwira nekukurumidza uye hurongwa hwekuunganidza wakaitwa zvinoshanda. Mumakumi emakore pakati pemakore 1850 uye 1880s kodzero yekuunganidza mutero wacho yakatengeswa kune vakabatanidzwa. Aya makondirakiti akaedza kubvisa sekisimusi mutero sezvavaigona kuti vadzore mari vanga vabhadhara kuHurumende uye vanowana purofiti yakawanda sey ide inogona kupinda mukati megore. Pakazosvika ma1880s Hurumende yakatanga kunyengerera mitero zvakananga kubva kune vafudzi. Mumwe nemumwe wavo aive apfuudza. Kuti upinde turakiti rinofudza, mombe mombe aifanira kuratidza kupfuudza uye kubhadhara mutero huwandu hwemisoro yemombe dzaaive nahwo uye huwandu – UE yakabhadharwa yakaiswa pane iyo pass.
Tsime D
Muma1920s, komisheni yeumambo pane zvekurima yakataura:
‘Kukura kwenzvimbo yacho kunowanikwa kubhururuka kwakakura nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo pasi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo nekuda kwekuwedzera kwezvivakwa, kuwana mafuro ehurumende, semuenzaniso, kudzivirira, maindasitiri uye ekurima emapurazi ekurima. [Zvino] vafudzi vanoona zvakaoma kukwidza mapoka makuru. Saka mabasa avo akadzika pasi. Unhu hwezvipfuyo zvavo zvakashatisa, zvido zvekudya zvakadonha uye zvine chikwereti chakawedzera. ‘”Chirevo chezvekutumwa kwehumambo cheIndia, 1928.
Chiitiko
FUNGIDZIRA iwe uchigara muma 1890s. Iwe uri wenharaunda yevasina chekuita nemafundisi uye mhizha. Iwe unodzidza kuti hurumende yakazivisa nharaunda yako sedzinza retsotsi.
Tsanangura muchidimbu izvo zvaungave wakanzwa uye zvaitwa.
chikumbiro kumutengesi wenzvimbo nei chiito chisina kusarudzika uye
Zvichakanganisa hupenyu hwako. Language: Shona