Dutch Science nkhalango ku India

M’zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pakufunika kuwongolera dera ndipo osati anthu wamba, malamulowa a Dutch adakhazikitsa malamulowa ku Java, oletsa kulowa m’mudzimo. Tsopano mitengoyo imangodulidwa chifukwa chopangira maboti kapena kumanga nyumba, zotsatsa zokha kuchokera ku nkhalango zina zomwe zimayang’aniridwa. Anthu okhala m’mudzimo adalangidwa chifukwa chodyerera ng’ombe zazing’ono, ndikunyamula oyera popanda chilolezo, kapena kuyenda pa zotsatsa za m’nkhalango kapena ng’ombe kapena ng’ombe.

Monga ku India, kufunika koyang’anira m’nkhalango zomangamanga ndi njanjizo zinapangitsa kuti ziyambitse ntchito yankhalango. Mu 1882, 280,000 ogona adatulutsidwa kuchokera ku Java yekha. Komabe, zonsezi zofunika kugwira ntchito kudula mitengoyo, kunyamula mitengoyo ndikukonza zogona. A Dutch adakhazikitsidwa koyamba kwa malo omwe adalimidwa m’nkhalango ndipo kenako adasiya midzi yochokera ku mitundu iyi ngati atagwira ntchito mokwanira kupereka ndalama zaulere komanso zonyamula matabwa. Izi zidadziwika kuti blandongdienstenthe. Pambuyo pake, m’malo mongosiyanitsa, am’mudzimo adapatsidwa malipiro ang’onoang’ono, koma ufulu wawo wolima dziko udaletsedwa.   Language: Chichewa