1.1 Kwiintaba
Nanamhlanje iintshontsho zeGujmur zeJammu naseKashmir ziintsiba ezinkulu zebhokhwe nakwizimvu. Uninzi lwazo lufudukele kulo mmandla kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ekukhangeleni amadlelo kwizilwanyana zabo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaphezulu kwamashumi eminyaka, bazimisa kule ndawo, baza bashukumisa minyaka le phakathi kwehlobo kunye namabala asebusika. Ebusika, xa iintaba eziphakamileyo zazigutyungelwe likhephu, bahlala nemihlambi yabo kwiinduli eziphantsi ze-SIWIK. Amahlathi aqingqiweyo awomileyo apha anike idlelo ngeenkomo zabo. Ekupheleni kuka-Epreli baqala ngo-Matshi wabo kumabala abo ehlobo. Amakhaya aliqela ahlanganisana kulo hambo, enze oko kwaziwa ngokuba yiKatila. Bawela i-Per Janal Pajal bangena kwintili yeKashmir. Ngokuqala kwehlobo, ikhephu linyibilika kwaye iinduli ziluhlaza zaziluhlaza. Iindidi zeengca ezihlumayo zibonelela nge-tyhemu enesondlo kwinkomo yezilwanyana. Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba ii-bakarwals zaphinda zaphinda zabuya, ngeli xesha kuhambo lwabo olusezantsi, zibuyele kwisiseko sabo seBusika. Ekunene iintaba eziphakamileyo zigutyungelwe likhephu, iinkomo zatyelwa ezindulini eziphantsi.
Kwindawo eyahlukileyo yeentaba, abalusi bakaGaddi baka-Arayihal Pradesh babenomjikelezo ofanayo wokuhamba kwexesha. Nabo bachitha ubusika babo kwiinduli eziphantsi ze-SIALK, bethabatha imihlambi yabo kwihlathi yamahlathi. Ngo-Epreli bahamba emantla kwaye bachitha ihlobo eLahul naseSpiti. Xa ikhephu linyibilika kwaye amadlula aphezulu ayecacile, uninzi lwabo luqhubele phambili kwintaba ephezulu
Umthombo A
Ukubhala kwi-1850s, G.C. I-Barnes yanika le nkcazo ye-GUJJJARs ye-kangra:
‘Kwiinduli iiGujjurs sisizwe kuphela – bahlakulela kakhulu konke. IGaddis igcina imihlambi yeegusha neebhokhwe kunye neeGujjurs, ubutyebi beziquka ii-buffaloes. Aba bantu bahlala kwizintya zehlathi, kwaye bagcine ubukho babo ngokuthengiswa kobisi, iGhee, kunye nezinye imveliso yemihlambi yazo. Amadoda atya iinkomo, kwaye alala rhoqo kwiiveki ehlathini ebeka imihlambi yabo. Abafazi balungisa kwiimarike qho kusasa ngamancabhasi entlokweni yabo, ngeembiza ezincinci zodongwe ezizaliswe ngubisi, ibhotolo elincinci elizaliswe ngubisi olufunyenwe isidlo semini esifunwayo kwisidlo sosuku esisifunwayo. Ngexesha lemozulu eshushu IiGujjers zihlala ziqhuba iinkomo zabo ziye kuluhlu oluphezulu, apho ii-buffaloes ziyavuya kwimotha yesityebi kwaye kwangaxeshanye iimvula ezinomsindo ezivela kwi-venomomous iimpukane ezingenayo amathafa.
Ukusuka: G.C. I-Barnes, Ingxelo yokuHlaliswa kwe-kangra, 185055. meadows. NgoSeptemba baqala intshukumo yabo yokubuya. Endleleni babeka kwakhona kwiilali zaseLahul naseSpiti, bafumana isivuno sabo sasehlobo kwaye sihlwayela isivuno sabo sasebusika. Emva koko baphuma kunye nomhlambi wabo ukuya kumhlaba wabo wobusika ngamadlelo kwinduli ye-Silwanaik. Olandelayo uAprili, kwakhona, baqala ngohambo lwabo kunye neebhokhwe kunye neegusha, kwiimvubu zehlobo.
Ngaphezulu empuma, eGarshwawal kunye ne-Kumaon, abahambi ngeenkobe zeGujjwar behla emahlathi e-bubabar ebusika, kwaye benyuka besiya kwi-Geadows ephezulu. Uninzi lwabo lwalusuka eJammu lwaza lwafika kwiinduli zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ekukhangela amadlelo amahle.
Le ndlela yokuhamba ngephenyane phakathi kwamadlelo ehlotyeni kunye nobusika yayiqhelekile kwiindawo ezininzi zababini zeHimalaya, kubandakanya i-Bhotiyas, uSherpas kunye ne-kinnauris. Bonke babenotshintsho kuguquko lwamaxesha onyaka kwaye basebenzise ngokufanelekileyo amadlelo afanelekileyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Xa isithole sasididekile okanye esingathandekiyo kwindawo enye bavula imihlambi yabo kwaye bamhlathi ukuya kwiindawo ezintsha. Le ntshukumo ye-Ntinees ikwavumele amadlelo agubungele; Ithintele indawo yabo yokuhlala.
Language: Xhosa