Iminyaka yokuthuthuka kwezimboni eNdiya

Ngo-1900, umshicileli womculo odumile e.t. UPaull ukhiqize incwadi yomculo eyayinesithombe ekhasini lekhava elimemezela ‘kokuqala kwalelikhulu leminyaka’ (Fig. 1). Njengoba ubona kusuka emfanekisweni, enkabeni yesithombe kungumuntu onkulunkulukazi unkulunkulukazi unkulunkulukazi unkulunkulukazi, njengonkulunkulu, ingelosi yenqubekelaphambili, ephethe ifulege indesheni lekhulu leminyaka. Uthathwe kahle esondweni elinamaphiko, afanekisela isikhathi. Indiza yakhe imyisa ngokuzayo. Entantayo mayelana, ngemuva kwakhe, yizimpawu zentuthuko: ujantshi, ikhamera, imishini, ukuphrinta umshini kanye nefekthri.

Lokhu kukhazinyezi kwemishini nobuchwepheshe kumakwe ngokwengeziwe esithombeni esabonakala emaphepheni kamagazini wezohwebo eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule (Fig. 2). Kubonisa abalumlingo ababili. Lowo ophezulu ngu-Aladdin ovela eMpumalanga owakha isigodlo esihle ngesibani sakhe somlingo. Lowo ongezansi umakhenikha wanamuhla, onamathuluzi akhe anamuhla afaka umlingo omusha: kwakha amabhuloho, imikhumbi, imibhoshongo kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme. U-Aladdin ukhonjiswa njengomela i-East nasendulo, umakhenikha umi eNtshonalanga kanye nesimanje.

 Lezi zithombe zisinikeza i-akhawunti enqobayo yezwe lanamuhla. Kule akhawunti umhlaba wanamuhla uhlotshaniswa nokushintsha okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinto ezintsha, imishini kanye namafektri, izitimela kanye ama-bhethi. Umlando wezimboni ngaleyo ndlela uba yindaba yentuthuko, futhi iminyaka yanamuhla ivela njengesikhathi esihle sentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

 Lezi zithombe nezinhlangano manje seziyingxenye yomcabango odumile. Awuboni yini izimboni ezisheshayo njengesikhathi sentuthuko kanye nesimanje? Awucabangi yini ukuthi ukusakazeka kojantshi namafektri, nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu namabhuloho kuwuphawu lokuthuthuka komphakathi?

 Zithuthukiswe kanjani lezi zithombe? Futhi sizihlomula kanjani nale mibono? Ingabe izimboni zihlala zisuselwa ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe? Singakwazi yini ukubona namuhla ukukhazimulisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwawo wonke umsebenzi? Yini i-Industriation yayisho izimpilo zabantu? Ukuze siphendule imibuzo enjalo kudingeka siphendukele emlandweni wokuthuthuka kwezimboni.

Kulesi sahluko sizobheka lo mlando ngokugxila okokuqala eBrithani, isizwe sezimboni sokuqala, bese kuthi i-India, lapho iphethini yokuguqulwa kwezimboni ilungiswe umbuso wamakoloni.

  Language: Zulu