Eminyakeni elandelayo ngo-1815, ukwesaba ukucindezelwa kwashayela abaningi benkululeko – ubuzwe. Imiphakathi eyimfihlo yaqala phezulu emazweni amaningi aseYurophu ukuzothuthukisa izinguquko futhi asakaze imibono yawo. Ukuze uguqule ngalesi sikhathi kwakusho ukuzibophezela kokuphikisa izindlela ze-monarchchical ezasungulwa ngemuva kweCongress yaseVienna, futhi zilwele inkululeko nenkululeko. Iningi lalezi zinguquko libuye libone ukudala izwe – kusho ukuthi kuyingxenye edingekayo yalo mzabalazo wenkululeko.
Omunye umuntu onjalo wawungukuguqulwa kwase-Italy uGiuseppe Mazzini. Uzalelwe eGenoa ngo-1807, waba yilungu le-Aftet Society of The Carbonakalayo. Lapho eseyinsizwa ka-24, wathunyelwa ekudingisweni ngo-1831 ngokuzama ukuguqulwa eLiguria. Ngemuva kwalokho wabe esesungula imiphakathi emibili engaphansi komhlaba, okokuqala, i-Italy e-Italy eMarseilles, kwathi-ke, i-Europe encane eBerne, amalungu akhe ayenezinhloso ezinjengomqondo ovela ePoland, eFrance, nase-Italy nasezindaweni zaseJalimane. UMazzini wayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayehlose ukuba izizwe zibe amayunithi emvelo esintwini. Ngakho-ke i-Italy ayikwazanga ukuqhubeka nokuba yi-patchwork yezifunda ezincane nemibuso. Kwakumele kwakhiwe eRiphabhulikhi eyodwa enobunye ngaphakathi kobubanzi bezizwe ezibanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuphela kungaba yisisekelo senkululeko yase-Italy. Ngemuva kwemodeli yakhe, kwamiswa imiphakathi eyimfihlo eJalimane, eFrance, eSwitzerland nasePoland. Ukuphikisana nokungapheli kukaMazzini kuhlanekezelwa futhi umbono wakhe wama-Republic wentando yeningi wethuka ama-Conservative. I-MetorThich yamchaza ngokuthi ‘isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke sokuhleleka kwezenhlalo’. Language: Zulu