Mashandiro akaita vatori vechikamu akafamba muIndia
Ngatitarisei ikozvino mapoka akasiyana emagariro akafambidzana mukufamba kwevanhu vekusateedzera. Nei vakabatana neyemwekufamba? Ndezvipi zvakanakira zvavaifunga? Swarraj zvinoreva chii kwavari?
Munzvimbo dzemaruwa, dzakawanda dzenharaunda dzepfuma – kunge matanda eGujarat uye jats dzeUttar Pradesh- dzaishanda mukufamba. Kuva vagadziri vezvirimwa zvekutengesa, vaive vakaoma kurohwa nekushungurudzika kwekutengeserana uye kudonha mitengo. Sezvo mari yadzo yemari yapera, ivo vakaona zvisingaite kubhadhara mari yehurumende. Uye kuramba kwehurumende kuderedza kuda kweruzhinji kwakatungamirwa pakutsamwa kwakapararira. Vatsigiri ava vakapfuma vakava nevatsigiri vanofarira vekusavimbika kwevanhu vekusateedzera, uye dzimwe nguva vachimanikidza nhengo dzinozeya, kutora chikamu mumapurogiramu evakomana. Kwavari kurwa kweSwaraj kwaive kurwira pamari yakakwirira. Asi ivo vakanyadziswa kwazvo kana kufamba kwacho kwacho kwakadanwa muna 1931 pasina mareti emari ari kugadziridzwa. Saka apo kufamba kwakatangwazve muna 1932, vazhinji vavo vakaramba kutora chikamu.
Iyo muripo wehupombwe yaive isingangofarira kuderera kweiyo mari yekuda. Vazhinji vavavo vaive varimi vadiki vanokudza nyika yavakanga varaira kubva kuLarderords. Sezvo kushungurudzika kwakapfuurira uye mari yemari yakadzikira, varimi vadiki vakaona zvakaoma kubhadhara rendi yavo. Vaida kuti varege kubhadhariswa kune muridzi wemba kuti aregererwe. Vakabatana nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekutenderera, dzinowanzo kutungamirwa nenharaunda nemaCommunist. Kutya kusimudzira nyaya dzingatsamwisa varidzi vepfuma uye muridzi wemusango, iyo Congress yakanga isingade kutsigira ‘hapana mushandirapamwe wekuenda munzvimbo zhinji. Saka hukama pakati pevarombo varombo uye Congress rakaramba risina chokwadi.
Zvakadiniko nemakirasi ebhizinesi? Vakarondedzera sei kune vanhu vekusateedzera kwekusateedzera? Munguva yehondo yenyika yekutanga, vatengesi veIndia uye vaindishandura vaita purofiti mikuru uye vave nesimba (ona chitsauko 5). Kwake pakuwedzera bhizinesi ravo, ivo zvino vakatarisana nemitemo yekoloni yakarambidzwa zviitiko zvebhizinesi. Vaida kuchengetedzwa kubva kuzvinhu zvekunze kwenzvimbo dzekunze, uye rupee-sterling yekune imwe nyika yekutsinhana ratio raizoodza mwoyo. Kuronga zvido zvebhizinesi, vakaumba iyo Indian Industrial uye Congress yeCongress yeIndia yeIndia yeCommerce uye muna 1927. Vakapa rubatsiro rwemari uye vakaramba kutenga kana kutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Vazhinji vezvinabhizinesi vakauya kuzoona Swarj senguva apo zvigadziriso zvekoloni pane bhizinesi zvaisazovapo nekutengeserana uye indasitiri zvichakura pasina maindaniso. Asi mushure mekutadza kwemusangano wedombo wedare, mapoka ebhizinesi akange asisiri kufarira zvakafanana. Vakanga vachityiwa nekupararira kwemagarisiko, uye vainetseka nekuvhiringidzika kwenguva refu kwebhizinesi, pamwe nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwesocialism pakati penhengo dzechidiki dzeCongress.
Makirasi ekushanda ekushanda aisatora chikamu mukufamba kwevanhu kusatadza kwehukama muhuwandu hukuru, kunze kwedunhu reNagparamu. Sezvo maindasitiri asvika pedyo neCongress, vashandi vakasara saizvozvo. Asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, vamwe vashandi vakatora chikamu mukusatora chikamu chekusateedzera kwehurumende, vakasarudza zvimwe zvechirongwa cheGandhian, sekufamba kwevatorwa, sechikamu chekufamba kwavo pachavo kubva kune vakaderera mari uye mamiriro asina kunaka ekushanda. Paive nemarova nevashandi vechitima muna 1930 na19.2. Muna 1930 zviuru zvevashandi veChotanagpur tini miviri yeChithi Asi Congress yaisazeza kuti isanganisira vabati vevashandi sechikamu chechirongwa chacho chekurwa. Izvo zvakanzwa kuti izvi zvaizoparadzanisa maindasitiri uye kupatsanura masimba emauto eAntions
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekufamba kwevanhu vekusateedzera kwekusateedzera ndiko kukura kwakakura kwekuita kwevakadzi. Munguva yeGandhiji munyu waGwenzi, zviuru zvevakadzi vakabuda mudzimba dzavo kuzomuteerera. Vakapinda mumachira ekuratidzira, vakagadzira munyu, uye
yakachekwa jira rekunze uye zvitoro zvinodonha. Vazhinji vakaenda kujeri. Munzvimbo dzemumaguta vakadzi ava vaibva mumhuri dzakakwirira. Munzvimbo dzekumaruwa ivo vaibva mumhuri dzakawanda dzine vanhu venyama. Yakatamiswa neGandhiji’s kufona, vakatanga kuona severudzi sebasa dzvene revakadzi. Asi, ichi chakawedzera paruzhinji hazvina kuita hazvo zvinoreva chero shanduko munzira yakanyanya nzira iyo nzvimbo yevakadzi yakaonekwa. Gandhiji akagutsikana kuti raive basa revakadzi kuti vatarisire kumba uye vane moyo, kuve amai vakanaka uye vakadzi vakanaka. Uye kwenguva yakareba iyo Congress yakanga ichizenza kubvumira vakadzi kuti vabate chero chinzvimbo chechiremera mukati mesangano. Yakanga ichinyanya kufarirwa nekuvapo kwavo kwekufananidzira.
Language: Shona