Reka noneho turebe amatsinda atandukanye yitabiriye urujya n’uruza rutumvira. Kuki binjiye mu rugendo? Byari intego zabo? SPARAJ yakoze iki?
Mu cyaro, abahinzi bakize impuhwe – nk’abayirarari ba gujarat hamwe na Jats ya Uttar Pradesh- zakoraga mu rugendo. Kuba abakora ibihingwa byubucuruzi, byarakubiswe cyane nubucuruzi bwo kwiheba no kugwa. Mugihe amafaranga yabo yinjiza yaburiwe, basanze bidashoboka kwishyura amafaranga yinjiza leta. Kandi kwanga guverinoma kugabanya icyifuzo cy’imisoro cyatumye inzika nyinshi. Aba bahinzi bakize bashyigikiye abashyigikiye ingendo mbonezamubano, bategura abaturage babo, kandi rimwe na rimwe bahiga abanyamuryango batanze, kwitabira gahunda zaycott. Kuri bo guharanira SWARAJ kwari urugamba rwo kurwanya amafaranga menshi. Ariko barababajwe cyane nuko kugenda byahagaritswe mu 1931 bitarenze amafaranga yinjira bivugururwa. Iyo rero kugenda byasubiwemo mu 1932, benshi muribo banze kwitabira.
Abahinzi bakennye ntibashishikajwe gusa no kugabanya amafaranga yinjiza. Benshi muribo bari abapanganyi bato bahinga ubutaka bakodeshaga bava i ba nyirinzu. Mugihe kwiheba bikomeje kandi amafaranga yinjira mumafaranga yagabanutse, abapangayi bato basanze bigoye kwishyura ubukode bwabo. Bashakaga ko ubukode buhebuwe kuri nyirinzu kugirango yoherejwe. Binjiye mu mikorere itandukanye, akenshi bayoborwa n’abasosiyalisiti n’abakomunisiti. Kubera ko ufite ikibazo cyo kuzamura ibibazo bishobora kubabaza imihinzi myinshi na ba nyirinzu, kongere ntizashaka gushyigikira ‘nta kwiyambaza’ ahantu henshi. Umubano rero uri hagati yabahinzi bakennye kandi kongere yagumye idashidikanywaho.
Tuvuge iki ku byiciro by’ubucuruzi? Nigute bafitanye isano no kutumvira kwabaturage? Mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi yose, abacuruzi b’abahinde n’abasirikare bari inyungu nini kandi bagakomera (reba Igice cya 5). Bashishikajwe no kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo, ubu bakiriye politiki y’ubukoloni igabanya ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Bashakaga kurinda ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ndetse n’ibipimo byo kuvunja byacitsemo ibice byaca intege ibihugu. Kugira ngo bategure inyungu z’ubucuruzi, bashizeho Kongere y’inganda zo mu Buhinde na Federasiyo y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda z’ubucuruzi (F.D. Birla, bashyigikiye ingero zikomeye z’ubukungu bw’Ubuhinde, kandi bashyigikiraga bwabaturage. Batanze ubufasha bwamafaranga banga kugura cyangwa kugurisha ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Abacuruzi benshi baza kureba SWARAJ nkigihe ibibujijwe kubaloni kubucuruzi bitakibaho kandi ubucuruzi ninganda bizatera imbere nta mbogamizi. Ariko nyuma yo kunanirwa kw’inama rizengurutse, amatsinda yubucuruzi ntiyari ashishikaye cyane. Bafite ubwoba bwo gukwirakwizwa kw’abasirikare, kandi bahangayikishijwe no guhungabana igihe kirekire, ndetse no kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu basosiyalisiti mu basore ba Kongere.
Amasomo yo gukora inganda ntabwo yitabiriye imyigaragambyo yo kutumvira mbonezamubano ari benshi, usibye mukarere ka Nagpur. Nkuko inganda zariye hafi ya Kongere, abakozi bakomeje gutera imbere. Ariko nubwo, abakozi bamwe bitabiriye urugendo rwo kutumvira mbonezamubano, guhitamo kwemeza bimwe mubitekerezo bya gahunda ya gandhian, nka boycott yibicuruzwa bya gandhian, kimwe na boycott yibicuruzwa byabo, nkigice cyabo bwite kirwanya umushahara muto nubushobozi buke. Habayeho imyigaragambyo y’abakozi ba gari ya moshi mu 1930 n’abakozi bo mu 1932. Mu 1930 z’abakozi bo mu 1930 muri 1930 muri 1930 muri 1930 mu birometero 19 Ariko Kongere ntiyashakaga gushyiramo abakozi ‘ibyifuzo byabakozi muri gahunda yayo yo guharanira inyungu. Byumvaga ko ibyo byatandukanya Inganda no kugabana imbaraga zo kurwanya impemie
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kiranga imigendekere yo kutumvira mbonezamubano yari umubare munini w’abagore. Mu gihe cya Gandhiji, abagore ibihumbi n’ibihumbi basohoka mu ngo zabo ngo bamwumve. Bagize uruhare mu manota y’ibyamamare, bakoze umunyu, kandi
gutoragura imyenda y’amahanga n’amaduka y’inzoga. Benshi bagiye muri gereza. Mu mijyi abo bagore bakomoka mu miryango ihebuje; mu cyaro bakomoka mu ngo zikungahaye ku bahinzi. Bakozwe ku muhamagaro wa Gandhiji, batangiye kubonana ishami mu gihugu nk’inshingano yera y’abagore. Nyamara, ibi byongereye uruhare rwa leta ntabwo byanze bikunze byanze bikunze impinduka muburyo bukabije umwanya wabagore umwanya wabagore. Gandhiji yari azi neza ko hari inshingano z’abagore kwita ku rugo n’umutima, babe ba nyina beza n’abagore beza. Kandi igihe kirekire Kongere yanze kwemerera abagore gufata umwanya uwo ari wo wose mububasha mumuryango. Byari bimaze kugaragara gusa ku bijyanye no kugereranya.
Language: Rwandi