Class 4
PEASANTS, ZAMINDARS AND THE STATE
Answer in100-150 words
1. What are the problems in using the Ain as a source for reconstructing agrarian history? How do historians deal with this situation?
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2. To what extent is it possible to characterise agricultural production in the sixteenth-seventeenth centuries as subsistence agriculture? Give reasons for your answer.
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3. Describe the role played by women in agricultural production.
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4. Discuss, with examples, the significance of monetary transactions during the period under consideration.
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5. Examine the evidence that suggests that land revenue was important for the Mughal fiscal system.
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Write a short essay (about 250-300 words) on the following:
6. To what extent do you think caste was a factor in influencing social and economic relations in agrarian society?
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7. How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
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8. Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
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9. Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
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Map work
10. On an outline map of the world, mark the areas which had economic links with the Mughal Empire, and trace out possible routes of communication.
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Project (choose one)
11. Visit a neighbouring village. Find out how many people live there, which crops are grown, which animals are raised, which artisanal groups reside there, whether women own land, how the local panchayat functions. Compare this information with what you have learnt about the sixteenthseventeenth centuries, noting similarities and differences. Explain both the changes and the continuities that you find.
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12. Select a small section of the Ain (10-12 pages, available online at the website indicated below). Read it carefully and prepare a report on how it can be used by a historian.
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