Politiki irashobora guhindura imyenda abantu bambara, ururimi bavuga cyangwa ibitabo basoma? Imyaka ikurikira 1789 mubufaransa yabonye impinduka nyinshi mubuzima bwabagabo, abagore nabana. Guverinoma z’impinduramatwara yiyemeje kurenga amategeko yahindura intego z’umudendezo n’uburinganire mu bikorwa bya buri munsi.
Amategeko imwe y’ingenzi yatangiye gukurikizwa nyuma yo guhuhura na Bistille mu mpeshyi ya 1789 yari ikurwaho ryo kugenzura. Mu butegetsi bwa kera byose byanditse ibikoresho nibikorwa byumuco – Ibitabo, ibinyamakuru, gukina – birashobora gutangazwa cyangwa bikorwa gusa nyuma yo kwemezwa ninshimezwa ninshimezwa nimisaruro. Noneho hamenyekanye uburenganzira bwumuntu numuturage byatangaje ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga no kwerekana ko ari uburenganzira busanzwe. Ibinyamakuru, udutabo, ibitabo n’ibitabo byacapwe byuzuye imijyi y’Ubufaransa aho bagenda vuba mu cyaro. Bose basobanuye kandi baganira ku byabaye n’impinduka zibera mu Bufaransa. Ubwisanzure bwitangazamakuru nabwo bwasobanuraga ko ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya byibyabaye bishobora kugaragazwa. Buri ruhande rwashakaga kumvisha abandi uko bahagaze binyuze mu icapiro ryo gucapa. Ikinamico, indirimbo n’imirori yibirori byakuruye abantu benshi. Ubu ni bwo buryo bashoboraga gusobanukirwa no kumenyana n’ibitekerezo nk’ubusanzure cyangwa ubutabera bya politiki byanditse ku burebure mu nyandiko abantu bize gusa bashoboraga gusoma.
Umwanzuro
Mu 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte yambitswe ikamba ry’umwami w’abami by’Ubufaransa. Yiyemeje gutsinda ibihugu bituranye n’ibihugu by’Uburayi, yambutse ingoma no guteza imbere ubwami aho yashyize abagize umuryango we. Napoleon yabonye uruhare rwe nka kilizer y’Uburayi. Yatangije amategeko menshi nko kurinda umutungo bwite hamwe na sisitemu imwe yuburemere ningamba zitangwa na sisitemu ya cumi. Mu ikubitiro, benshi babonye Napoleon nk’umudendezo uzana umudendezo kubantu. Ariko bidatinze, ingabo za Napoonic zizarerwa ahantu hose nk’imbaraga zateye. Amaherezo yatsinzwe kuri Waterloo mu 1815. Ingamba nyinshi zajyanye n’ibitekerezo by’impinduramatwara y’ubusahuri n’amajyambere mu bindi bice by’Uburayi nyuma yuko Napoleon amaze kugenda.
Ibitekerezo by’uburenganzira bwa libery n’uburenganzira bwa demokarasi byari umurage w’ingenzi wa revolution y’igifaransa. Ibi byakwirakwiriye mu Bufaransa kugeza mu Burayi busigaye mu kinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda, aho SystemSemsare yakuyeho. Abantu bakolonize bakoze igitekerezo cyubwisanzure mubucakara mu ngendo zabo kugirango bakore igihugu cyigenga. Tipu Sultan na Rammohan Roy ni ingero ebyiri z’abantu bitabiriye ibitekerezo bituruka ku Bufaransa.
Ibikorwa
1. Shakisha byinshi kuri kimwe mumibare yimpimbano wasomye muri iki gice. Andika ubuzima bugufi bwuyu muntu.
2. Impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa yabonye izamuka ry’ibinyamakuru risobanura ibyabaye kuri buri munsi n’icyumweru. Kusanya amakuru n’amashusho kubintu byose hanyuma wandike ingingo yikinyamakuru. Urashobora kandi gukora ikiganiro gitekereza hamwe nabantu bakomeye nka Mirabeau, Olympeau, Olympe de Gouges cyangwa Romaspierre. Akazi mumatsinda abiri cyangwa atatu. Buri tsinda rishobora noneho gushyira ingingo zabo ku kibaho cyo kubyara igicapo kuri revolution y’Abafaransa
Language: Rwandi