Kwisahluko esidlulileyo ufunda malunga neengcamango ezinamandla zenkululeko kunye nokulingana ezasasazwa eYurophu emva kohlaziyo lwesiFrentshi. Uguquko lwesiFrentshi lwavula ukubakho kokudala utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela uluntu lwalulungiswa. Njengoko ufundile, ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo uluntu lwahlulwahlulwa kunye nemiyalelo yawo kwaye yayingumntu ophambili kunye necawe elawula uqoqosho nezentlalo. Ngequbuliso, emva kwenguquko, kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe le nto. Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi kubandakanywa iYurophu naseAsia, izimvo ezintsha malunga namalungelo athile kwaye ezazilawula amandla entlalontle yaqala ukuxoxwa. EIndiya, uRaja Rommohan Roy noDerozio bathetha ngokubaluleka kwenguquko yaseFrance, kwaye abanye abaninzi bexoxa ngezimvo zokuguqula iYurophu. Ezona zinto zisekholoni, ziphinda zaphinda zaphinda zaphinda zatshintsha.
Asinguye wonke umntu waseYurophu, nangona kunjalo, wayefuna inguqu epheleleyo yoluntu. Iimpendulo ezahlukileyo kwabo bamkelayo ukuba utshintsho oluthile lwalufuneka kodwa lunqwenela ukutshintsha kancinci, kwabo bafuna ukuhlengahlengisa uluntu ngokutsha. Abanye ‘abazilondolozi’, abanye ‘babenenkululeko’ okanye ‘radicals’. Benza ntoni le mibandela kumxholo wexesha? Yintoni eyahlulahlulahlula ibala lezopolitiko kwaye libusebenzisana? Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba la magama akathethi into enye kuzo zonke iimeko okanye ngalo lonke ixesha.
Siza kuqwalasela ngokufutshane kwezinye izithethe zepolitiki ezibalulekileyo zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwaye yabona indlela abaphembelela ngayo utshintsho. Emva koko siya kugxila kwisiganeko esinye sembali apho kukho ukuzama kwinguqu ye-radical yoluntu. Ngotshintsho eRussia, intlalontle yaba yenye yezona ngcinga zibalulekileyo nezinamandla zokubamba uluntu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.
Language: Xhosa
Science, MCQs