1.1 mu misozi
No muri iki gihe, Gujjar Bakarwals ya Jammu na Kashmir ni umushumba bakomeye w’ihene n’intama. Benshi muribo bimukiye muri kano karere mu kinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda bashaka urwuri ku matungo yabo. Buhoro buhoro, mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, yiyihije muri ako karere, kandi yimuka buri mwaka hagati y’izuba ndetse n’imbeho. Mu gihe cy’itumba, igihe imisozi miremire yari yuzuyeho urubura, babanaga n’ubusho bwabo mu misozi miremire ya Siwalkik. Amashyamba yumye ya scrub hano yatanze urwuri rwamashyo yabo. Mu mpera za Mata batangiye urugendo rwabo mu majyaruguru mugihe cyizuba ryimpeshyi. Ingo nyinshi zahujwe mururu rugendo, zikora ibizwi nka Kafila. Bambutse pan panjel baranyuze, binjira mu kibaya cya Kashmir. Hamwe no gutangira icyi, urubura rwashonze kandi imisozi ihindagurika. Ibyatsi bitandukanye byakuze byatanzwe kuzura intungamubiri zifite amashyo yinyamanswa. Mumpera Nzeri Bakarwals yongeye kwimuka, iki gihe ku rugendo rwabo rwo kumanuka, subira mu bwikonje. Igihe imisozi miremire yari itwikiriwe na shelegi, amashyo yarwanye mu misozi yo hasi.
Mu gace k’imisozi, abashumba ba Gaddi bo muri Himachal Pradesh bari bafite uruziga nk’urwo rw’imihango. Nabo bamaranye imbeho mumisozi migufi ya Siwalkik intera, zirisha imikumbi yabo muri scrub amashyamba. Muri Mata bimukiye mu majyaruguru bamara impeshyi i Lahul na spiti. Iyo urubura rwashonze kandi rurenga rusobanutse, benshi muribo bimukiye kumusozi muremure
Isoko a
Kwandika mu 1850, G.F. Barnes yatanze ibisobanuro bikurikira bya Gujjars ya Kangra:
‘Mu misozi Gujjars ni ubwoko bwubushumba – bahinga ubuke na gato. Gaddis komeza imikumbi y’intama n’ihene hamwe na Gujjars, ubutunzi bugizwe na buffalos. Aba bantu baba mu majipo y’amashyamba, kandi bakomeze kubaho gusa kugurisha amata, Ghee, n’undi musambo w’amashyo yabo. Abagabo bararisha inka, kandi bakunze kuryama ibyumweru mu ishyamba batinya amashyo. Abagore basana ku masoko buri gitondo hamwe n’ibiseke ku mutwe, hamwe n’inkono ntoya yuzuye amata, amavuta yo kubyuka yuzuye amata, amavuta n’amata na ghee, buri nkono ikubiyemo igipimo gisabwa ku ifunguro ry’uwo munsi. Mugihe cyikirere gishyushye Gujjars isanzwe yirukana amashyo yabo murwego rwo hejuru, aho impyisi yishimira ibyatsi bikungamiye kandi icyarimwe bugera kuri ikirere gishyushye nubudahanga buva muri Ikibaya.
Kuva: g.c. Barnes, raporo yo gutuza Kangra, 1850-55. Meadows. Muri Nzeri batangiye kugenda. Mu nzira baretse mu midugudu ya Lahul na Spiti, basarura iminsi yabo bakabiba umusaruro w’itumba. Hanyuma baramanuka hamwe nubushyo bwabo mu gihe kirekire cyo kurisha ku misozi ya Siwawawawawawawawawawawawawawa. Ubutaha na nongeye, batangira urugendo n’ihene zabo n’intama, kugeza ku mpeshyi.
Byongeye kandi mu burasirazuba, i Garhwal na Kumaon, abamwungeri b’inka ba Gujjar bamanutse baja mu mashyamba yumye yo muri bhabar mu gihe cy’itumba, barazamuka bajya mu mpeshyi – bugyals mu cyi. Benshi muribo bari bakomoka i Jammu bagera ku misozi yo hejuru mu kinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda bashaka urwuri rwiza.
Ubu buryo bwo kugenda buriclilical hagati y’izuba n’imvura byari bisanzwe mu miryango myinshi y’abashumba b’amiselaya, harimo na bhotiyas, Sherpa na Kinnauris. Bose bari bamenyereye impinduka zigihe kandi bagakoresha neza ibiryo bya f ahantu haboneka ahantu hatandukanye. Iyo gukiza byari binaniwe cyangwa bidakoreshwa ahantu hamwe baretse amashyo nubushyo ahantu hashya. Uyu mutwe wa ntagatifu na we wemereye urwuri rwo gutwikira; Yabujije kurenga.
Language: Rwandi