Ntabwo abashumba bose bakorera mumisozi. Bagomba kandi kuboneka mu cpate, ibibaya n’ubutayu bw’Ubuhinde.
Dharars yari umuryango w’abashumba wa Maharashtra. Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya makumyabiri abaturage baturutse muri kano karere bavuga ko ari 467.000. Abenshi muri bo bari abungeri, bamwe bari abatware b’igitaka, kandi abandi bari inshundura zubumba. Abungeri ba Dhanga bari bagumye muri plateau ya Maharashtra mugihe cyimvura. Iki cyari akarere ka kimwe ka kabiri gifite imvura nkeya n’ubutaka bubi. Yari yuzuyeho Scrub. Ntakindi uretse ibihingwa byumye nka Bapa bishobora kubibwa hano. Mu gihe cyo mu cyumba cyabaye ubutaka bunini bw’imikumbi ya Dhangar. Ukwakira Dhangars yasaruye Bajra yabo maze itangira kugenda mu burengerazuba. Nyuma yukwezi kumwe ukwezi kugera kuri Konkan. Iyi yari agapapuro k’ubuhinzi bushimishije hamwe n’imvura nyinshi n’ubutaka bukize. Hano abungeri bakiriwe nabahinzi ba Konkani. Nyuma yo gusarura kharinka yaciwe muri iki gihe, imirima yagombaga gufumbirwa kandi yitegura gusarura rya RABI. Imikumbi ya Dhangar isenya imirima igaburirwa kubyatsi. Abahinzi ba Konkani na bo batangaga ibikoresho by’umucero abungeri basubije mu kibaya Abashumba basubiye mu kibaya aho ingano zari gake. Hamwe no gutangira Monsoon Dhangars yavuye muri Konkan n’ahantu ho ku nkombe z’imikumbi yabo basubira aho batuye ku kibaya cyumye. Intama ntizishobora kwihanganira ibihe bitosemo. In Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, again, the dry central plateau was covered with stone and grass, inhabited by cattle, goat and sheep herders. Gollas Herded inka. Kuruma na Kubas byareze intama n’ihene no kugurisha ibiringiti biboshye. Batuye hafi y’ishyamba, bahingaga ibice bito by’ubutaka, bakora ubucuruzi butandukanye kandi bakita ku mashyo yabo. Bitandukanye nabashumba bo mumisozi, ntabwo byari imbeho kandi urubura rwasobanuye injyana yigihe cyurugendo rwabo: ahubwo nibwo buryo bwo guhinduranya monsoon na shampiyona. Mu gihe cyizuba bimukiye ku mutego wo ku nkombe, baragenda igihe imvura yazaga. Gusa inyamanswa zakunze igishanga, imiterere itose zo ku nkombe zo ku nkombe mu mezi ya Monsoon. Andi mashyo yagombaga kwimurwa mu kibaya cyumye muri iki gihe.
Banjaras yari irindi tsinda rizwi rya mazari. Bagombaga kuboneka mu midugudu ya Uttar Pradesh, Pujab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh na Maharashtra. Mugushakisha urwuri rwiza kubera inka zabo, bimukiye intera ndende, bagurisha inka zihinga nibindi bicuruzwa kubaturage kugirango babone ingano nimbeho.
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Konti zabagenzi benshi batubwira kubyerekeye ubuzima bwubushumba. Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda, Buchanan yasuye Gollas mu gihe cy’ingendo ze muri Mysore. Yanditse ati:
‘Imiryango yabo iba mu midugudu mito hafi y’inyamanswa y’ishyamba, aho bahinga hasi, kandi bagakomeza amatungo yabo, bagurisha zimwe mu matungo yabo, bagurisha zimwe mu mijyi umusaruro umusaruro w’amata. Imiryango yabo ni myinshi cyane, abasore barindwi kugeza ku munani muri buri busanzwe. Babiri cyangwa batatu muri bo bitabira imikumbi mu ishyamba, mu gihe ibisigaye bihimbaza imirima yabo, no gutanga imigi ifite inkwi, hamwe n’ibyatsi kugira ngo hagch. ‘
Kuva: Francis Hamilton Buchanan, urugendo rwa Madras unyuze mu bihugu bya Mysore, Kanara na Malabar (London, 1807).
Mu butayu bwa Rajasthan bwabayeho Raika. Imvura yo mu karere yari mike kandi idashidikanywaho. Ku butaka bwahinzwe, gusarura bihindagurika buri mwaka. Kurenga cyane nta gihingwa gishobora guhingwa. Raika rero yahitanye hamwe nubushumba. Mu gihembwe, Raika ya Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur na Bikaner baragumye mu midugudu yabo, aho urwuri rwari ruhari. Mu Kwakira, iyo izo mpamvu zirisha zarumye kandi zinaniwe, bimutse bashaka indi nzuri n’amazi, barongera basubira mu moko ya Ext. Itsinda rimwe rya Raikas – rizwi kubwo ubutayu bwa Maru) Raikas – Ingamiya z’Amabuye n’andi matsinda yarereye hejuru n’ihene. Turabona rero ko ubuzima bw’aya matsinda yabashumba bukomejwe no gusuzuma neza ibintu. Bagombaga gucira urubanza igihe amashyo ashobora kuguma mu gace kamwe, kandi akamenya aho bashoboraga kubona amazi n’inzuri. Bakeneye kubara igihe ingendo zabo, kandi bakemeza ko bashobora kunyura mu turere dutandukanye. Bagombaga gushinga umubano n’abahinzi mu nzira, kugira ngo amashyo ashobore kurisha mu mirima yasaruye kandi ifumbire ubutaka. Bahujije ibikorwa bitandukanye – guhinga, gucuruza, no kuragira- kwibeshaho.
Nigute ubuzima bwabashumba bwahindutse mubutegetsi bwabakoloni?
Language: Rwandi