Malingaliro a mgwirizano wapadziko lonse kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinangwa ndi chisanu ndi chinangwa kwambiri kutchuka kwambiri kwa malingaliro a Limmalo. Mawu akuti ‘kudziipira’ amachokera ku Latin Rober, kutanthauza zaulere. Chifukwa cha makalasi atsopano apakati omwewo amawonera anayimirira ufulu wa aliyense payekhapoyekha. Patupo, zinagogomezera lingaliro la boma pogwiritsa ntchito chilolezo. Popeza kusintha kwa Chifalansa, ufuluwu unalimbiridwe kutha kwa mawola ndi mwayi wambiri, bungwe la maudindo ndi oyimilira. Maofesi khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi zinayi nawonso adagogomezera kuti anthu azikhala pawokha.
Komabe, kufanana lamuloli lisanachitike chifukwa chotsimikiza kuti chilengedwe chilengedwe chikhale chokwanira. Mukukumbukira kuti kusinthika kwa Frence, komwe kudawonetsa kuyesa kwa ndale koyambirira kwa demokalase, ufulu wovota komanso kuti ukhale wokhalitsa wokhala ndi amuna okhaokha. Amuna opanda katundu ndipo azimayi onse sanathetsedwe ku ufulu wandale. Kwa nthawi yayitali yochepa pansi pa Yakobo yemwe amuna onse achikulire amakhala okwanira. Komabe, code ya napoleonic idabwereranso ku Mindlerage ndikuchepetsa amayi kuti akhale ocheperako, omvera ulamuliro wa abambo ndi amuna. M’zaka zonse khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900 azimayi ndi amuna omwe siogulitsa omwe adakonza zotsutsa zomwe akutsutsa akufuna kukhala ndi ufulu wofanana.
Pazinthu zachuma, ufulu wowolowa manja unayimitsa ufulu wamsika ndi kuthekera kwa zoletsa za boma pa kayendedwe ka zinthu ndi capital. M’zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chitatu ichi chinali kufuna kwamphamvu kwa makalasi apakati akutuluka. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo cha zigawo za Chijeremani m’zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Njira zoyang’anira a Napoleoni zidapangidwa kuti zisaukitsidwe zaka 39. Iliyonse mwa awa ali ndi ndalama zake zokha, komanso zolemera ndi miyeso. Wogulitsa Malonda mu 1833 kuchokera ku Hamburg kupita ku Niremberg kuti akagulitse katundu wake akadayenera kudutsa miyambo 11 peresenti ya pafupifupi 5 peresenti pa aliyense wa iwo. Ntchito nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa molingana ndi kulemera kapena muyeso wa katundu. Dera lililonse linali ndi dongosolo lakelo komanso miyeso yake, izi zimaphatikizapo kuwerengera kwa nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, muyeso wa nsalu, inali chilengedwe chonse chomwe dera lililonse chinaima kutalika kwina. Cholembedwa cha zinthu zomwe zagulidwa mu Frankfurt zingakupatseni nsalu 54.7 masentimita, ku mainz 55.1 masentimita, ku Nuremberg, ku Freiburg 53.5 cm.
Zinthu ngati izi zimawonedwa ngati zopinga zosinthana ndi chuma zatsopano, zomwe zimakangana chifukwa cha gawo la pachuma lomwe limagwirizanitsa gawo la chuma lomwe limapangitsa kuti katunduyu asasule katundu, anthu ndi capital. Mu 1834, mgwirizano wa miyambo kapena gellerlerin adakhazikitsidwa pazinthu za Prussia ndipo adalumikizana ndi mayiko ambiri aku Germany. Mgwirizanowu udathetsa zotchinga za arorif ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoposa makumi atatu mpaka awiri. Kupanga kwa netiweki ya njanji za njanji kumalimbikitsanso kuyenda, kugwirizanitsa chidwi chazachuma ku mgwirizano wadziko. Chipilala chazachuma chachuma chinalimbitsa malingaliro adziko lapansi akulima panthawiyo.
Language: Chichewa