EVictorian Britane kwakungekho kunqongophala kwabasebenzi. I-SAD SAND SAND PEASIVALS A I-SAD NESADS ASVRADS ifudukele kwizixeko zamanani amakhulu efuna imisebenzi, ilinde umsebenzi. Njengoko uza kwazi, xa kukho umsebenzi omninzi, umvuzo uphantsi. Ke ngaba amashishini ayengenangxaki yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi okanye iindleko eziphezulu zemivuzo. Babengafuni ukwazisa oomatshini abaye basusa abasebenzi kwaye bafuna utyalomali olukhulu.
Kumashishini amaninzi imfuno yabasebenzi yayilixesha. Umsebenzi wegesi kunye ne-breweries bezixakeke ikakhulu kwiinyanga ezibandayo. Ke bafuna abasebenzi abaninzi ukuba bahlangabezane nemfuno yabo ye-Peak. Iibhithi zeencwadi kunye nabashicileli, ukhathalela imfuno yeKrisimesi, ifuneka izandla ezongezelelweyo ngaphambi kukaDisemba. Emanzini, ubusika yayilixesha lokuba iinqanawa zalungiswa, zanqunyulwa. Kuwo onke amashishini anjalo apho ukuveliswa kwexesha, amaziko ahlaziyiweyo ahlala ekhethekele abasebenzi, abasebenzi abasebenzisa abasebenzi
Uluhlu lweemveliso lunokuveliswa kuphela ngomsebenzi wezandla. Oomatshini babejolise ekuveliseni iyunifomu, iimpahla ezimiselweyo zentengiso enkulu. Kodwa imfuno emarikeni yayihlala ineempahla ezinamajoni antsonkothileyo kunye nemilo ethile. Kwi-Britain yenkulungwane yeshumi elinanye, umzekelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezando zaveliswa kwaye iindidi ezingama-45 zezesi. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziyimfuneko, hayi itekhnoloji yoomatshini. EVictorian Britain, iiklasi eziphezulu-ii-aristocrats kunye ne-bourgeoisie – izinto ezikhethiweyo zezandla. Iimveliso zezandla zeza kufuna ukucocwa kunye neklasi. Babegqibile, beveliswa ngokufanayo, kwaye yenziwe ngononophelo. Impahla eyenziwe ngoomatshini yayikukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kwiikoloni. Kwimigangatho yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, amaziko avumelekileyo ayenomdla wokusebenzisa amandla oomatshini ukuze imfuneko yokusebenza kwabantu inokuncitshiswa. Oku bekunjalo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye iMelika. I-Britane, nangona kunjalo, yayingenangxaki yokuqesha izandla zomntu. 2.1 Ubomi babasebenzi ubuninzi babasebenzi kwimarike buchaphazele ubomi babasebenzi. Njengoko iindaba zemisebenzi enokubakho ziye emaphandleni, amakhulu egutyungelwe ezixekweni. Olona nyango lokufumana umsebenzi uxhomekeke kwinethiwekhi ekhoyo yobuhlobo kunye nobudlelwane be-kin. Ukuba unesalamane okanye umhlobo kumzi-mveliso, wawufumana umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu owayenonxibelelwano. Uninzi lwabafuna umsebenzi kuye kwafuneka balinde iiveki, ukuchitha ubusuku phantsi kweebhuloho okanye ebusuku
indawo yokuhlala. Abanye bahlala ebusuku bayazicaphukisa oko kwamiselwa ngabantu babucala; Abanye baya kwiwadi nje egudileyo egcinwa ngamagunya ahluphekayo. Ixesha lomsebenzi kumashishini amaninzi athetha ixesha elide ngaphandle komsebenzi. Emva kokuba ixesha elixakekileyo laliphelile, amahlwempu ayesezitratweni kwakhona. Abanye babuyela emaphandleni emva kobusika, xa ibango lezabasebenzi ezisemaphandleni alivulwa kwiindawo. Kodwa uninzi lwalujonge imisebenzi engaqhelekanga, enabo ukuya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye kwakunzima ukuyifumana. Imivuzo yanda ngandlela ithile kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Kodwa basixelela kancinci ngentlalo-ntle yabasebenzi. Amanani aphakathi afihla umahluko phakathi kokurhweba kunye nokuchana okwenzekileyo kunyaka wonke. Umzekelo, xa amaxabiso ephakama kabukhali ngexesha le-Namolenic ixesha elide, ixabiso lokwenyani lento eyenziwa ngabasebenzi eyayiseza kakhulu, kuba imvuzo efanayo ngoku ingathenga izinto ezimbalwa. Ngapha koko, ingeniso yabasebenzi yayingaxhomekeki kumvuzo wedwa. Into ebalulekileyo yayilixesha lokuqeshwa: Inani leentsuku zomsebenzi zimisele umvuzo wengeniso yemihla ngemihla yabasebenzi. Ngamaxesha awona maxesha ukuya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zabantu basezidolophini babehlwempuzeke kakhulu. Ngamaxesha okutyibilika kwezoqoqosho, njenge-1830s, umyinge wento engaphangeliyo uye wangena kwanto phakathi kwe-35 ne-75 pesenti kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ukoyika intswela-ngqesho kwenza ukuba abasebenzi bahlanganisene ekuqaliseni kwetekhnoloji entsha. Xa i-jenny ingenisiwe
Umzi mveliso woboya, abafazi abasindayo kwi-Spinnity yesandla baqala ukuhlasela oomatshini abatsha. Le ngxabano malunga nokuqaliswa kweJenny uqhubeke ixesha elide. Emva kwe-1840s, umsebenzi wokwakha waqinisa kwizixeko, evula amathuba amakhulu engqesho. Iindlela zaphela, izikhululo zikaloliwe ezitsha zeza, imizila kaloliwe zandiswa, imizila kaloliwe yandiswa, i-tunnels imbambile, i-syords ifakwe kuyo. Inani labasebenzi abaqeshwe kumzi-mveliso wezothutho aphindwe kabini nge-1840s, kwaye aphindaphindeke kwakhona kwiminyaka engama-30 elandelayo.
Language: Xhosa