Kamar yadda kuka gani, kishin kishin zamani a Turai ya zo ne da kirkirar jihohin al’umma. Hakanan yana nufin canji a fahimtar mutane game da wanene su, kuma menene ma’anar asalinsu da ma’anar mallakar. Sabbin alamomi da alamomi, sabbin waƙoƙi da dabarun ƙirƙira sababbin hanyoyin haɗi da kuma sake gina iyakokin al’ummomin. A yawancin kasashen da ke yin wannan sabon asalin ƙasa yana da dogon tsari. Ta yaya wannan ilimin ya fito a Indiya?
A Indiya kuma a cikin yawancin yankuna, ci gaban kishin kishin kima yana da alaƙa da yawan ƙungiyoyin mulkin mallaka. Mutane sun fara gano hadin kansu yayin aiwatar da gwagwarmayar mulkin mallaka. A karkashin mulkin mallaka a karkashin mulkin mallaka ya ba da wani alkawari wanda aka ɗaura kungiyoyi daban-daban tare. Amma kowane aji da rukunin sun sami tasirin mulkin mallaka daban-daban, abubuwan da suka faru sun bambanta, kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ‘yanci ba koyaushe iri ɗaya bane. Majalisar ta a ce Mahadma Gandhi tayi kokarin rikitar wadannan kungiyoyin tare a cikin motsi daya. Amma hadin kai bai fito ba tare da rikici ba. A cikin wani littafin farko na farko da kuka karanta game da ci gaban kishin ƙasa a Indiya har zuwa ƙarni na farko na ƙarni na ashirin.
A wannan sura zamu dauki labarin daga 1920s kuma nazarin wadanda ba hadin gwiwa da rashin biyayya ga jama’a. Zamu bincika yadda hukumar za ta nemi bunkasa kungiya ta kasa, yadda kungiyoyi daban-daban na zamantakewa suka halarci wurin, kuma yadda kishin ya ci tunanin mutane. Language: Hausa