Ngenkathi izimboni zefekthri zikhula ngokuqinile ngemuva kwempi, izimboni ezinkulu zakha ingxenye encane yezomnotho kuphela. Iningi lazo- ngamaphesenti angama-67 ngonyaka we-1911- ababekhona eBengal naseBombay. Phezu kwelinye izwe, ukukhiqizwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwaqhubeka kuhamba phambili. Ingxenye encane kuphela yabasebenzi bezimboni abasebenza emafektri abhalisiwe: amaphesenti ama-5 ngonyaka we-1911 naku-10 ngamaphesenti ka-1931. Amaphesenti angama-10 ngonyaka we-1931. Amaphesenti amancane, atholakala ePolesys nasePasses, abonakaliswa nguPhalamende.
Eqinisweni, kwezinye izikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwama-handicraft empeleni kwandiswa ngekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nasendabeni yomkhakha we-Handloom esixoxe ngakho. Kuyilapho intambo eshibhile yomshini eyenziwe ngomshini. wesula imboni yokuspinali ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, abaluki basinda, naphezu kwezinkinga. Ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ukukhiqizwa kwendwangu ye-Handloom kwandiswa ngokuqinile: cishe kuncibilika phakathi kuka-1900 no-1940.
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?
Lokhu bekuyingxenye ngenxa yezinguquko zezobuchwepheshe. Abantu bezandla bamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha uma lokho kubasiza ukuthuthuka ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kokucindezela izindleko ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, ngeshumi lesibili leminyaka leminyaka lamashumi amabili sithola abaluki besebenzisa amasoms nge-fly shuttle. Lokhu kukhiqiza umkhiqizo ngakunye, kusheshise ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuncishiswa kwesidingo sabasebenzi. Ngo-1941, amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-35 e-Handlooms eNdiya afakwe iziteshi ezindizayo: Ezifundeni ezinjengoTravanciore, Madras, Mysore, Cochin, Bengal Ingxenye yamaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangama-80. Kwakukhona eminye emincane emisha emincane eyasiza abaluki ukuthi bathuthukise umkhiqizo wabo futhi bancintisane nomkhakha weMill.
Amaqembu athile ozalukazi abesesimweni esingcono kunabanye ukuze basinde emncintiswaneni onezimboni ezigayo. Phakathi kwabaluki abanye bakhiqize indwangu enobunzima ngenkathi abanye befaka izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Indwangu ye-coarseber yathengwa ngabampofu futhi isidingo sayo sashintshashintsha ngobudlova. Ngezikhathi zokuvunwa okubi nemisebe yasemakhaya, lapho abampofu basemakhaya bengakudli kancane, futhi imali yabo yemali yanyamalala, ayikwazanga ukuthenga indwangu. Isidingo sezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ezithengiwe yi-Well-To-Down zazizinzile. Abacebile bakwazi ukuzithenga ngisho nalapho abampofu bebulawa yindlala. Indlala ayizange ithinte ukuthengiswa kweBanarasi noma iBaluchari Saris. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ubonile, ama-mill awakwazanga ukulingisa ama-suaves akhethekile. USaris ngemingcele elukiwe, noma ama-lungus adumile kanye nezinduku zeMadras, akwazanga ukudilizwa kalula ukukhiqizwa kwamalayisi.
Abaluki kanye nezinye izingcweti ezaqhubeka nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, akuzange kuphumelele. Babephila izimpilo ezinzima futhi basebenza amahora amaningi. Imvamisa umkhaya wonke – kufaka phakathi bonke abesifazane nezingane – kwadingeka ukuthi basebenze ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Kepha kwakungeyona nje izinsalela zezikhathi ezidlule ezindabeni zamafektri. Impilo yabo kanye nabasebenzi babo bebehlanganiswa nenqubo yokuthuthuka kwezimboni.
Language: Zulu