Ayingawo onke amaqela entlalontle ashukunyiswa yingoma engaqhelekanga ye-swaraj. Elinye lala qela lalizilwanyana ‘zelizwe’, abasusela kwiminyaka yoo-1930 yayiqalile ukuzibiza ngokubiza okanye icinezelwe. Ixesha elide iCongress yayingazange ihoye i-daluts, yoloyiko lokukhubekisa iSanatanis, umHindu we-Castraist. Kodwa uMahatma Gandhi wabhengeza ukuba i-swaraj yayingayi kulikhulu ikhulu ukuba i-tursally engaphelelanga ayikayi kupheliswa. Wabiza ‘i-toucgever’ uHarijan, okanye abantwana bakaThixo, ucwangcisiwe ukuba bakhuseleke etempileni, kunye nokufikelela kwii-qults zikawonke-wonke, iitanki, iindlela kunye nezikolo. Naye ngokwakhe wacoca izindlu zangasese ukuba anikele umsebenzi we-bhangi (obesisikizi), kwaye acenga ii-caster ezinkulu ukuba atshintshe iintliziyo zawo aze anikezele ‘isono sokungasebenzi’. Kodwa iinkokheli ezininzi ze-dalit zazimisele kwisisombululo esahlukileyo sezopolitiko kwiingxaki zoluntu. Baqala ukuzilungiselela, bafuna izihlalo ezigcinwe kumaziko emfundo, kunye nonyulo olwahlukileyo olunokukhetha amalungu e-Dalit kumabhunga ezomthetho. Ukuxhotyiswa kwezopolitiko, bakholelwa, bekuya kusombulula iingxaki zokukhubazeka kwezentlalo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwe-Dalit kwiNtshukumo yokungathobeli kukaRhulumente bekulinganiselwe, ngakumbi kwingingqi yeMaharashtra kunye neNagpur apho umbutho wawo womelele.
UGqr B.r. UAmdkar, olungiselele i-Dalits kwi-Dedi Dedi Deday ngo-1930, wangqubana noMahatma Gandhi kwiNkomfa yesibini yetafile ngokufuna abohlukeneyo be-dalits. Xa urhulumente waseBritane avunyelwa kwimfuno ka-Amshiji, uGandhiji waqalisa ukuzila ukutya. Wayekholelwa ukuba unyulo olwahlukeneyo le-dalits angayicothisa inkqubo yokudityaniswa kwabo kuluntu. I-Ambyekar ekugqibeleni yamkela isikhundla sikaGandhiji kwaye isiphumo yayinguPoona Pact kaSeptemba 1932. Inike iiklasi ezixinezelweyo (kamva ukuba ziphinde zivotelwe ngabanyuli jikelele. Intshukumo yeDalit, nangona kunjalo, iyaqhubeka nokubanoloyiko lwenkomfa.
Eminye yemibutho yezopolitiko yamaSilamsi eIndiya nayo yayiselwandle ngokuphendula kwabo kwintshukumo yokungathobeli. Emva kokwehla kwentshukumo yentsebenziswano-khilafat, icandelo elikhulu lamaSilamsi laziva ladalwa kwiCongress. Ukususela ngo-1920s iCongress yeza kunxulunyaniswa ngokubonakalayo namaqela obuzwe avulekileyo kwi-Hindu Hine yeQela elinjengeHindu Mahasabha. Njengobudlelwane phakathi kwamaHindu kunye namaSilamsi aba mandundu, abantu ngalunye lucwangcisiwe kwiicawa zenkolo ezemikhosi, eshukumisayo. Sonke i-riot yanyusa umgama phakathi koluntu olubini.
ICongress kunye neligi yaseMuslim yenza iinzame zokudlulisela umanyano, kwaye ngo-1927 kwavela ukuba umanyano lunokwenziwa. Umahluko obalulekileyo wawungaphezulu kombuzo wokumelwa kwiindibano ezaziza kunyulwa. I-Muhammad Ali Jinnah, enye yeenkokeli ze-Muslim, yayikulungele ukuyeka imfuno yonyulo eyahlukileyo, ukuba amaSilamsi aqinisekiswa ukuba amaPhondo agciniweyo kwiNdibano elawulwa ngamaSilamsi (Bengal kunye nePunjab). Uthethathethwano malunga nombuzo uqhubeke kodwa lonke ithemba lokusombulula umba kuzo zonke iingqungquthela ngo-1928 wanyamalala xa i-mbom ichasa ngamandla.
Xa kwaqala intshukumo yokungathobekisela imbambano apho ke imeko yokukrokrela kunye nokungathembani phakathi koluntu. Ukuhlukaniswa kweCongress, amacandelo amakhulu amaSilamsi akakwazanga ukuphendula kumnxeba we-United. Uninzi lweenkokheli ezingama-Muslim kunye neengqondi zavakalisa inkxalabo yabo malunga nemeko yamaSilamsi njengabancinci ngaphakathi kweIndiya. Babesoyikela ukuba inkcubeko kunye nesazisi sezinto ezincinci zinokwahlulwa phantsi kolawulo lwesininzi samaHindu.
Umthombo D
Ngo-1930, mnumzana Muhammad Iqbal, njengomongameli weligi yamaSilamsi, uphinde uphinde ucinge ukubaluleka konyulo ngokwahlukeneyo kumaSilamsi njengeziko lezopolitiko elibalulekileyo. Isiteyitimenti sakhe simelwe ukuba sinike ukuzigwetyelwa kwengqondo yemfuno yePakistan efike kwiminyaka elandelayo. Yile nto ayithethayo:
‘Andina uthandabuzeni ekuvakaliseni ukuba ukuba umgaqo weIndiya unelungelo lokuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo kwinkcubeko kunye nesiko elikwisiseko sokuhlaselwa kwakhe esiphelweni samkelwe njengenkululeko yakhe yonke inkululeko yakhe yonke inkululeko yakhe. Umgaqo wokuba iqela ngalinye linelungelo lokuphuhlisa simahla kwimigca yalo ayiphefumlelwanga nasiphi na imvakalelo engaphantsi koluntu olunqamlezileyo kwindawo ephefumlelweyo kukungabi naziimvakalelo eziphantsi kolunye uluntu luphantsi kwaye alunamntu. Ndonwabisa olona Hini liphezulu ngenxa yesiko, imithetho, iinkolo kunye namaziko entlalontle zolunye uluntu. Hayi, ngumsebenzi wam ngokwemfundiso yequrani, nokuba kukhusele iindawo zabo zonqulo, ukuba kuyafuneka. Nangona kunjalo ndiyalithanda iqela lemithombo yobomi kunye nokuziphatha kunye nokundidala endikundinika inkolo, uncwadi lwalo, inkxaso yayo, ingcinga yalo idlulileyo
‘Ezoluntu kwinkalo yalo ephezulu, ke, kuyinto ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqweni kwento ehambelana nelizwe elifana neIndiya. Iiyunithi zoluntu lwaseIndiya azikholwanga kumazwe aseYurophu … Umgaqo wentando yesininzi yeDemul Cemoracy ayinakusetyenziswa eIndiya ngaphandle kokuqonda inyani yamaqela oluntu. Ibango laseMuslam lokuba i-Muslim I-India ngaphakathi kweIndiya, ke, inesizathu se-
‘I-Hindi icinga ukuba amazwe ahlukeneyo achasene nomoya wobuzwe bokwenyani, kuba uyaliqonda igama elithi “uhlanga” lokuthetha ukuba akukho ncedo loluntu lufanele ukugcina umntu olifumanayo. Imeko yezinto, nangona kunjalo, ayikho. I-India lilizwe lobuhlanga nezenkolo. Yongeza kolu hlaselo uqoqosho ngokubanzi lwamaSilamsi, amatyala abo amakhulu, ngakumbi kwi-PUNJAB, kunye nezona zinto zaneleyo kwamaphondo, njengangoku kwaye uya kuqalisa ukubona ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yonyulo lwethu.
Language: Xhosa