India Chitsanzo cha kusamukira kwawo ku India kumafanizira dzikolo la dzikolo la dziko la zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Icho chinali dziko la kukula kwachuma komanso mavuto akulu, ndalama zapamwamba kwa ena ndi umphawi wina, mayendedwe apamwamba m’madera ena ndi mitundu yatsopano ya kukakamiza ena.
M’zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, mazana masauzande a ku India ndi aku China adapita kukagwira ntchito pazowonda, mu migodi, ndi msewu womanga njanji padziko lonse lapansi. Ku India, ogwira ntchito omwe akuwagwira ntchito adalemba ntchito zomwe adalonjeza kubwerera ku India atagwira ntchito zaka zisanu pazaka zawo.
Ogwira ntchito zachilendo kwambiri ku India adachokera kumadera akum’mawa kwa Untrang Uttlerh, Bihar, Central India ndi madera owuma a Tamil Nadu. M’zaka za m’ma 900 madera awa adakumana ndi zosintha zambiri, nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba idayamba, madera adayeretsedwa kwa migodi ndi minda. Zonsezi zakhudzidwa. Miyoyo ya osauka: Iwo adalephera kulipira ndalamazo, adapezanso ngongole ndipo adakakamizidwa kusaka ntchito.
Malo akulu a ku India omwe akusamukira ku India omwe amasamukira ku Caribbean anali zilumba za Caribbean (makamaka Trinidad, Guyana ndi Surinam), Maurius ndi Fiji. Pafupifupi kunyumba, anthu osamukira ku Tamil adapita ku Ceylon ndi Maya. Ogwira ntchito osavomerezeka adalembedwanso minda ya tiyi ku Assam.
Kulembetsa kunachitika ndi othandizira omwe amachita ndi olemba anzawo ntchito ndipo amalipira ndalama zochepa. Ambiri okakamizidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kulimbikira kuti athe kuthawa umphawi kapena kuponderezana m’midzi yawo. Ogulitsa amayesanso omwe akuyembekezeredwa popereka chidziwitso chabodza zokhudzana ndi mayendedwe omaliza, mitundu yoyenda, mtundu wa ntchitoyo, ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri osamukira anzawo sananenedwe kotero kuti amayenera kuyamba ulendo wautali wa Nyanja. Nthawi zina othandizira amathandizira omwe amawafunafuna osafunitsitsa.
Mndandanda wa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri lazifotokozedwa kuti ndi dongosolo latsopano la ukapolo ‘. Pofika paminda, ogwira ntchito amapezeka mosiyana ndi zomwe anali kuganiza. Makhalidwe okhala ndi ntchito anali ankhanza, ndipo panali ufulu wina wovomerezeka.
Koma ogwira ntchito adazindikira njira zawo zopulumuka. Ambiri aiwo anathawira kuthengo, ngakhale ngati agwidwa akukumana ndi chilango chokhwima. Ena adapanga mitundu yatsopano ya mawu amodzimodzi amunthu, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana miyambo, yakale ndi yatsopano. Ku Trinidad The Muharram pachaka adasinthidwa kukhala osavomerezeka otchedwa ‘Hosay (kwa Imaay (ya Imam Hussain) pomwe ogwira ntchito m’mitundu yonse ndi zipembedzo zonse zidaphatikizidwa. Momwemonso, chipembedzo cha Rustafriassossoss (chodziwika ndi Jamaican RegGae Star Bob Marb Marle) amanenedwanso kuti akuwonetsa maulalo a chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe ndi India kupita ku Caribbean. ‘Chutney Nyimbo’, yotchuka mu Trinidad ndi Guyana, ndi mawu ena opanga omwe akuwonetsa kale. Mitundu yamtunduwu ndi gawo la dziko lapansi, pomwe pali zinthu zina, kuchokera m’malo osiyanasiyana amasakanikirana, kutaya mawonekedwe awo ndikukhala china chatsopano.
Ogwira ntchito zodziwika bwino kwambiri amakhalabe atatha, kapena kubwerera kunyumba zatsopano atangomaliza ku India. Zotsatira zake, pali magulu akuluakulu a anthu aku India m’maiko awa. Kodi mudamvapo za wolemba mphotho ya Mphotho ya Nobel vs naipaul? Ena a inu mwina mwatsatira zomwe Wet Indies a Indies Cricketer Shivnarine ChanderPaul ndi Ramenshish Sarwan. Ngati mwadzifunsapo kuti bwanji mayina awo akumveka bwino, India, yankho lake ndi lakuti achokera ku “oyang’anira ochokera ku India.
Kuyambira atsogoleri aku America a India India adayamba kutsutsidwa dongosolo losamukira kuntchito ngati nkhanza komanso wankhanza. Zinathedwa mu 1921. Koma kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pake antchito aku India omwe adagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ‘zokongola’, zidakhalabe ochepa mosavutikira ku zilumba za Caribbean. Makamaka ena oyambirira a Naumal adajambula kutayika kwawo kutayika komanso kudzipatula.
Language: Chichewa