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AHSEC Class 12 Education Chapter 1 Answer 2026 | HS 2nd Year Education Chapter 1 Question and Answer English Medium | Class 12 Education Question and Answer English Medium

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AHSEC Class 12 Education Chapter 1 Answer 2026 | HS 2nd Year Education Chapter 1 Question and Answer English Medium | Class 12 Education Question and Answer English Medium

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Chapter 1

Development of Secondary Education in India and Assam

3. Question: Answer.

1. Who was the Chairman of the Secondary Education Commission?

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Answer: The Chairman of the Secondary Education Commission was Dr. Laxmanswamy Mudaliar.

2. In which year was the first Education Commission of independent India formed?

The first Education Commission of independent India was constituted in 1964-

3. What are the reasons behind the formation of the Secondary Education Commission?

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Answer:

4. The How many chapters were there in the report of the Secondary Education Commission?

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Answer: The report of the Secondary Education Commission had a total of 15 chapters.

5. What were the shortcomings of the existing secondary education?

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Answer: The disadvantages of existing secondary education are:

(1) Life isolation: The curriculum subjects of the existing education system have nothing to do with social life. The curricula taught at the secondary level did not give the students a deep sense of life or the necessary knowledge of everyday life.

6. Write about the development of democratic citizenship as the goal of secondary education.

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Answer: Developing democratic citizenship:

● Citizenship of a democratic country is a hugely challenging responsibility for which every citizen must be carefully trained. For this, education must develop freedom of thought and the ability to accept new ideas. A science-based and objective attitude should be developed among the students so that they are not stuck in old customs, beliefs etc.

● Democracy can never succeed without clarity of thought, freedom of speech and writing. Therefore, secondary education should create an environment for free discussion and exchange of ideas among students and for the development of healthy public opinion through speech and writing.

● Democracy exists on the basis of the dignity and values of every person. Therefore, the full development of the personality of every person should be the goal of education in a democratic country. Therefore, education should meet every need of the individual, such as psychological, social, emotional and practical.

A person can never live or develop alone. For his own good and that of society, people should learn to live with the law. Education must play a major role in developing the qualities necessary for social life such as discipline, cooperation, social sensitivity and tolerance.

7. State the objectives of secondary education proposed by the Secondary Education Commission.

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Answer: The objectives of secondary education as set out by the Secondary Education Commission are:

(1) Concept of Democratic Citizenship:- The Mudaliar Commission has stated that since secondary education will be the last education of most citizens, the students will receive an education to meet the needs of a democratic India. For democracy, every citizen must have (a) sound thinking, (b) sound social adjustment, (c) social justice, (d) clarity of speech and writing, (e) tolerance, (f) genuine patriotism.

(2) Education for Vocational Skills:- We must enhance the vocational skills of our students by instilling respect for physical labour, increasing work agility and facilitating the acquisition of skills required for industrial enterprises. Secondary education must pay attention to these aspects. Compulsory teaching of a profession will develop all aspects of the students' personalities. You will find a way to earn a living, get technical or practical education. The wealth of the country will increase.

(3) Personality development: Another objective of secondary education is to develop personality. In order to fully develop personality, personality must meet the needs of physical, mental, emotional, social and practical knowledge.

(4) Leadership Education: Leadership education is essential for the healthy development of democracy. It is the task of the University to supply high leadership in literature, art, commerce, technical, and industry. But not everyone can go to university. In this context, secondary education must provide leadership in literature, arts, politics, industry, commerce, etc. at the secondary level.

8. What is another name for the Secondary Education Commission?

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Answer: Another name for the Secondary Education Commission is the Mudaliar Commission.

9. Who was the Chairman of the Education Commission in 1964?

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Answer: In 1964, the Chairman of the Education Commission , Dr. D.K. There was an S room.

10. Which commission recommended the 10 + 2 + 3 education structure?

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Answer: The Kothari Commission recommended a 10 + 2 + 3 education structure.

11. What is another name for the Education Commission of 1964-66?

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Answer: Another name for the Education Commission of 1964-66 is the National Education Goals.

12. Discuss education and productivity.

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Answer:

13. State the structure of primary education provided by the Kothari Commission.

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Answer:

1. 1. Pre-Primary: (1- to 3 years)

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2. 2. Primary: (Class I to VII or Class I to VIII)

(a) Lower Primary Class: (up to 4 or 5 years) Class I to Class IV or Class I to V.

(b) Upper Primary Classes: (up to 3 or 2 years) from fifth to seventh or from sixth to eighth.

14. 14. What is the report of the Kothari Commission known as?

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The report of the Kothari Commission is known as 'Education and National Development'

15. 15. 'The destiny of a country is shaped by a class quota'一 In which report was this phrase written?

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Answer: 'The destiny of a country is shaped by a class quota'一 The phrase was written in the report of the Kothari Commission .

16. 16. State the objectives of secondary education according to the Kothari Commission.

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According to the Kothari Commission, the objectives of secondary education are as follows :

❋ Develop democratic citizenship.

❋ Develop vocational skills.

❋ Personality development.

❋ Leadership education.

17. 17. Briefly write about 10 + 2 +

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Answer: The Kothari Commission was constituted in 1964-66 with the objective of developing national education. By the end of the Third Five Year Plan, only 25 per cent of secondary schools across the country were converted to higher secondary level. Therefore, this structure is avoided and the new structure of 10+2+3 is recommended. According to this formula, schooling will be 10 years, pre-graduate or higher secondary education two years and three years undergraduate education.

18. 18. According to the Kothari Commission, the first public examination should be held after which grade?

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Answer: It should be after classes 10-1

19. 19. List the six recommendations made by the Kothari Commission on vocationalization of secondary education.

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Answer: (1) By 1986, 20% of students at lower secondary level and 50% above class X should be included in part-time or full-time courses in vocational education.

(2) Business education courses should be conducted in schools till the time of graduation so that gifted students can get higher level of business education at the next stage.

(3) Facilities in Indian Industrial Training Institutes (IITs) should be expanded and students aged 14 years should be allowed to enter these institutions during the Fourth Plan.

(4) Junior technical schools should be renamed as technical high schools and full-time curriculum should be provided.

(5) Production oriented training shall be provided in Indian Institutes of Technology and Technical Schools.

(5) Training of skilled personnel shall be provided by facilitating enrollment in classes below Class X in technical courses.

20. 20. According to the Kothari Commission, what should be the medium of vocational education?

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Answer: According to the Kothari Commission, vocational education should be the medium.

21. 21. In which year was the National Education Policy adopted?

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Answer: The National Education Policy was adopted in

22. 22. What is Navadaya Vidyalaya?

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The National Education Policy announced by the Central Government in 1986 also had a significant impact on secondary education in Assam . There are many different types of secondary schools in Assam, but the most important one is the Navodaya Vidyalaya. The three main objectives of establishing this type of school are: to achieve the ultimate excellence of the students of secondary education ; To maintain better quality and thereby establish social justice in education. In addition, poor but gifted students from backward areas can benefit from it.

23. 23. What does Operation Blackbird mean?

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Answer: A Task Force is formed to implement the National Education Policy. This task force adopted the Krishnaphali scheme (Operation Black Board). Measures are taken to improve schools throughout the country through this scheme and the number of teachers is increased to one teacher for each class.

24. 24. Write the full form of OBB-.

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Answer: The full form of OBB is Operation Black-Board.

25. 25. What is the purpose of establishing Navadaya Vidyalaya?

Answer:  The objectives of establishing Navadaya Vidyalaya are:

1. 1.  The objective of this school is to provide quality education to intellectually gifted but financially disadvantaged students.

2. 2.   The ideals of this school are to achieve excellence, excellence and establish social justice.

26. 26. List five features of the National Education Policy of

Answer: The five features of the National Education Policy of 1986 are as follows:

27. 27. Discuss the recommendations of the National Education Policy in the field of secondary education.

Answer:

28. 28. In which year was the Assam Higher Secondary Education Council formed?

Answer:  The Higher Secondary Education Council of Assam was formed in .

29. 29. Write the full form of SEBA and AHSEC-.

Answer:  The full form of SEBA  is Board Of Secondary Education

AHSEC-  is the full form of the Assam Higher Secondary Education Council.

30. 30. Discuss the development of secondary education in Assam during the post-independence period.

The recommendations and decisions of the Mudaliar Commission, Kothari Commission and National Education Policy established on an all-India basis also determine and control the pace of development of secondary education in Assam .

After the establishment of the University of Guwahati in 1948, the responsibility of secondary education in the former Assam was transferred from the University of Calcutta to the University of Guwahati. This also improved the results of the entrance examinations and the number of high schools increased from 191 in 1947-48 to 338 by 1953-54 and the number of students increased accordingly.

The recommendations of the Secondary Education Commission in 1952-53 on secondary education brought about academic, organizational and administrative changes in secondary education in Assam. The Commission reshaped the goals and objectives of this stage of education based on the democratic ideals of an independent country. The Commission provides a range of ideas about the curriculum. The curriculum was divided into seven groups by including new topics relevant to the present time. The structure of secondary education was made 11 years and the previous two-year intermediate stage was connected to schools and the second year to colleges as a pre-university stage. He also recommended the establishment of a State Board of Secondary Education for the administration and control of secondary education.

On the recommendation of this commission, 11-year higher secondary school education was introduced in Assam and multipurpose schools were established. By 1952, 67 high schools were converted into higher secondary schools. The curriculum is divided into seven groups, including Arts, Science, Commerce, Fine Arts and Home Science. One-year pre-university classes are opened in degree colleges.

31. 31. What are the main problems of secondary education in Assam?

The main problems of secondary education in Assam are :

1)  Secondary schools are not evenly distributed in our state.

2)  The secondary level curriculum in Assam is not flawless. This course is one-sided and irrelevant to the lives of the students due to lack of practical subjects.

3.  The Secondary Education Council is responsible for the preparation and publication of secondary level textbooks but there have always been many irregularities in the discharge of this important responsibility.

4.  Teachers are not trained and teach in classes conventionally. They do not think about presenting other content in the lesson preparation than the content in the book.

5)  Secondary schools do not pay much attention to individual diversity due to their emphasis only on acquiring knowledge. As a result, the special strengths, passions and interests of the individual are not yet developed. Many students are unable to develop their talents due to lack of recognition of individual diversity.

32. 32. Discuss the ways to solve the problems of secondary education in Assam.

The solutions to the problems of secondary education in Assam are discussed below  :

1.  An effective plan should be prepared to improve the subject condition of secondary schools. The educational environment in these schools should be improved to ensure better quality education.

2.  Strengthen the management committees to improve the administrative system of weak schools. The government's permission should be removed from such committees.

3.  Emphasis should be placed on teaching English in Assamese medium schools in a better manner.

4.  Improve the recruitment of teachers in schools. Appropriately trained teachers should be appointed in schools.

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