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Chapter 6&nbsp;

Cultural Anthropology

Exercise:

1. Answer: (A) The word 'Culture' is derived from which root word?

Answer:&nbsp;It is derived from the Latin word 'Colere'.

(b) Clyde Klan and Alfred Crowe discuss the definition of culture and write the name of the book.

Answer:&nbsp;"Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions".

(c) When did Tyler advance the definition of literary culture?

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;Tyler&nbsp;&nbsp;advanced the definition of culture in his book called 'Primitive Culture'.

(d) Cultural heritage was divided into which two parts?

Ans:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cultural heritage is divided into two categories:

1. Touchable.

2. And the cultural experience.

(e) Write two factors of culture change.

&nbsp;Answer:&nbsp;Two factors of culture change are –

1. The trend of new And

2. Cultural diffusion.

2. Do you understand what culture means?

Answer:&nbsp;The meaning of culture from an anthropological perspective. . It can be called the culture of the people's own way of life.

3. What do you mean by culturalization?

4. What do you mean by ethnocentrism and ethnocentrism?

5. Essay on new trends. 6. Can I write culturally what is fate Bhagavad with examples. 7. Write about culture. 8. Analyzing the concept of cultural relativism. 9. Essay on cultural diffusion. 10. Essay on culture.

Additional questions:

1. By defining culture.

Answer:&nbsp;According to Robert Redfield,&nbsp;&nbsp;the definition of culture is 'Culture is the art and expression of organized ritual concepts. which flowed uninterruptedly through historical events and incarnated the characteristics of human society.'&nbsp;

2. What is&nbsp;the anthropological concept of culture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;?

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;

3.&nbsp;E.B.&nbsp;&nbsp;Given&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the definition&nbsp; of&nbsp;tile&nbsp;&nbsp;culture .

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;E.B. According to Tile,&nbsp; the definition&nbsp;of culture&nbsp;&nbsp;is 'culture or civilization is knowledge, belief, art, moral sense, rules and regulations, customs and society and all the habits and capabilities acquired in a person in order to make him a member of society'.

4.&nbsp;E. B. According to the definition of tiles, he mentions it as the main characteristic of culture.

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;The English scholar Edward Tyler gave the first anthropological definition of Chinese culture in 1871.&nbsp;&nbsp;E.B. According to Tile'Culture or civilization is knowledge, belief, art, moral sense, rules and regulations, customs and society as a whole, all the habits and abilities acquired in a person'.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Although the definition of tile appears simple, the meaning is broad. Also in Sanskrit Bulo means the whole life of man. Second, social animals are embedded in culture in terms of learned abilities and dispositions. Individual biological qualities and socially sanctioned activities do not fit within the culture. There are also agents of society outside of this. Humans learn from their own lives and create their own words and actions as part of culture. Of course, culture is a human resource, a way of life, self-created, and an action to be taken with its resources.&nbsp;&nbsp;

5. Discussion about culture and environment.

Answer:&nbsp;Culture and environment are closely related. The culture of each community always adapts to the environment. Environment basically refers to natural environment and social environment.&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Natural environment refers to the various features of a region such as climate, water, rivers, lakes, seas, mountains, trees, various natural resources, minerals, deserts, soil fertility, etc. Just like animals, humans also need to adapt to the natural environment. As the environment adapts, each resource develops its own set of mechanisms. Human culture also improved due to this technological advancement. Social environment is the various organizations of the society like- family, clan, tribe, various associations etc. Society is concerned with all the individual's interests, society is generally tried to protect the society at the expense of personal interests.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

6. Distinguish between material and non-material culture.

Answer:&nbsp;

<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><tbody><tr><td>Material culture</td><td>Non-material culture</td></tr><tr><td>(1) Materials that have their own shape and can be seen in the field are called material cultural materials.</td><td>(1) The material of which does not have its own shape, cannot be seen,&nbsp;but can be understood i.e. can be perceived, is called non-material culture.&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>(2) The influence of natural environment on material culture is direct and obvious.</td><td>(2) The influence of natural environment on material culture is not obvious but indirect.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

7. What is material culture?

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;Objects of life are visible and can be touched by hand, such objects are called culture. The basic needs of a human being are: food, clothing and shelter. Outside of this, people need different types of sa-sanjuli, speech-behavior, achbab, a-alankara Adi to lead a happy and comfortable life. This is called material culture bully or material culture bully. In the Assamese peasant society material culture, I usually refer to Plough-Juvli, Kaer-Khanti, Kachi-Katari, Dalimari, Okhen, Rayna, Dhenki-Khubni, Pachi-Kharahi, Kula-Chalni etc. In addition to material culture, what community culture is complete?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

8. What is the environmental situation? Discuss its impact on culture.

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;Environmental conditions means the aggregate of all types of external conditions. External conditions can basically be of two types - natural and social.&nbsp;If the external condition&nbsp;of nature&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; means the natural environment of a region, I can also call it the geographical environment.other&nbsp;environment&nbsp;refers to the social environment - the society includes various organizations, customs, social ideologies etc.

A community's culture is always influenced by the environment&nbsp;&nbsp;. Just like animals, humans have to adapt to the natural environment. Adapting to the environment, each community developed some of its own technical methods with the help of which they made the necessary materials. This is called material culture. A community's material culture depends on the richness of the natural environment. Due to the development of the brain, humans have been able to create various types of materials from the natural environment and sustain life. With the help of their intelligence and advanced technology, humans have managed to survive in hostile environments with ease. The natural environment has a considerable impact on human culture.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Thoughts, actions, rules of conduct and intellectual preparation for meeting the social needs of a human community primarily depend on the social environment. Society lives in man. A society is a group of interacting individuals organized into various social relationships. Laws, customs, principles, ideals, spiritual thoughts, religion, worldly beliefs, etc., need to be adapted to the surrounding conditions to keep the society well-organized. I can tell the speed that the culture of each community adapts to the surrounding conditions.&nbsp;

9. What do you know about the influence of the natural environment on culture?

Answer:&nbsp;All living beings in the natural environment are born as human beings. Human life and development affect the natural environment in many ways. All living things have to adapt to their natural environment. Otherwise, the possibility of extinction is high.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Humans are the only cultured creatures in the living world. Because other animals do not have culture, it can be said that they have innate biological abilities. Due to brain development, humans have been able to create different types of structures based on the natural environment and support them for life.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Humans live in almost all types of environments around the world. Manuhe culture means&nbsp;that with the help of his intelligence and technology, the natural environment will overcome various obstacles and they can strengthen it with their own favorable environment. For example, Paharat Thaka Manuhe Edliya Mati Hal Bab Noare. Therefore, it is necessary to cut loose soil or cut trees for cultivation. As long as there are no rivers, ponds or canals can provide drinking water. Factories located far away from Pahar can get water supply from Pahar pipes. In order to protect oneself after rains, rains and natural calamities, they can decorate themselves with various materials from the natural environment such as sticks, branches, canes, trees and shrubs. Archaeologists are proud of the fact that people in prehistoric times lived by making different types of structures from natural materials. North Pole Ocharat Eskimos School No trees were found. That's why the house is made of ice blocks. During the six months of summer, fishes and animals are eaten, whose ink also provides food due to the six months. Because of the chika, the bones are made into sa-sajuli. Keti-bati facility Nohowa Some of the Aboriginal people of Australia make a living by collecting food after habi. At this rate it can be seen that the natural environment has a considerable influence on human culture.&nbsp; &nbsp;

10. What is an igloo?

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;Eskimos live in semi-circular houses. A house made of snow is called an igloo.

11. Writing

(a) Material culture.

Answer:&nbsp;Objects that can be seen and touched are called physical or material culture. Man's basic needs are basic, such as food, clothing and shelter. Apart from this, people need different types of sa-sanjuli, speech-behavior, achbab, a-alankara Adi to live a happy and comfortable life. This is called material culture or physical culture. In the Assamese peasant society material culture, I generally refer to the plough-men, Kor-Khanti, Kachi-Katari, Dalimari, Okhon, Rayna, Dhenki-Khuli, Pachi-Kharahi, Kula-Chalni etc.

(b) Socio-cultural.

Answer:&nbsp;Those who can feel things but touch them are called non-physical or social culture. Non-material or social culture includes many elements such as social norms, ideals, rules, religion-beliefs etc. In addition to these elements, every society has many crises and cyclical reforms. With these reforms, the cycle of social culture is completed.

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