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AHSEC Class 11 Logic and Philosophy Chapter 13 Question Answer English Medium | Class 11 English Medium Logic And Philosophy Chapter 13 Question Answer 2026

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AHSEC Class 11 Logic and Philosophy Chapter 13 Question Answer English Medium | Class 11 English Medium Logic And Philosophy Chapter 13 Question Answer 2026

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&nbsp;Chapter 13

Evidence

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a)&nbsp;In Indian philosophy, true knowledge&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is called&nbsp;proof .&nbsp;&nbsp;

(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;Mention&nbsp;&nbsp;the six&nbsp;&nbsp;types of pramam in Indian philosophy&nbsp; .

(c)&nbsp;Sarvaka philosophy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;recognizes&nbsp;&nbsp;direct&nbsp;&nbsp;speech as the only source of true knowledge .

(d)&nbsp;Philosophy of justice&nbsp;&nbsp;believes in&nbsp;four&nbsp;&nbsp; types of evidence.&nbsp;

(e)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is the logical basis of the inference.

2. Give a brief answer:

(a) What is proof?

Answer:&nbsp;Prama means knowledge of a certain nature, free from all doubt.

(b) What is evidence?

Answer:&nbsp;In Indian philosophy, this means of acquiring infallible, certain knowledge is called proof.

(c) What are the evidences recognized by Indian philosophy?

Answer:&nbsp;The evidence recognized by Indian philosophy is direct, inference, metaphor, word, interpretation and perception.

(d) State the types of miraculous direct.

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;The types of miraculous direct are: slight direct, knowledge direct and yogic direct.

(e) How many components does paratheranism have and what are they?

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;There are five components of paratharanumana and they are promise, cause, example, submission and inference.

3. Define:

(a) Proof.

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;Prama means knowledge of a certain nature, free from all doubt.

(b) Evidence.

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;In Indian philosophy, this means of acquiring infallible, certain knowledge is called proof.

(c) temporal direct.

Answer:&nbsp;When the worldly connection of matter with our senses takes place it is called worldly direct.

(d) Final estimate.

Answer:&nbsp;A final inference is an inference made about an unknown cause based on a known action.

(e) Retrospective estimates.

Answer:&nbsp;An inference made about an unknown action based on a known cause is called a retrospective inference.

4. Differentiation:

(a) Mundane and supernatural direct

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;When the worldly connection of matter with our senses takes place it is called worldly direct. There are two types of worldly direct- external,and mental.

&nbsp; &nbsp; Knowledge produced by the miraculous combination of objects and senses&nbsp;is miraculously direct. It is of three types. For example, minor symptoms are direct, knowledge symptoms are direct, and additive directness.

(b) Self-interest and para-inference.

Answer:&nbsp;

5. Determine accuracy:

(a) The Charbak philosophy admits both direct and inferential evidence as valid evidence.

Answer:

(b) Knowledge of direct independent nature.

Answer:&nbsp;Correct.

(c) Additional direct can be obtained by any person.

Answer:&nbsp;Incorrect.

(d) In absolute directness, only the existence of an object is perceived without being associated with its name, properties, etc.

Answer:&nbsp;Correct.

(e) All Indian philosophical communities have accepted inference as valid evidence.

Answer:&nbsp;Incorrect.

(f) Inference is indirect or applied knowledge.

Answer:&nbsp;

(g) The justice hypothesis has four terms.

Answer:&nbsp;Incorrect.

(h) Five bodies are expressed in parathernuman.

Answer:&nbsp;Correct.

(j) Self-interested assumptions Assumptions made to convince others.

Answer:&nbsp;Incorrect.

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