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AHSEC Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 Question Answers 2026| HS 2nd Year Geography Question Answer | English Medium |2026|

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AHSEC Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 Question Answers 2026| HS 2nd Year Geography Question Answer | English Medium |2026|

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&nbsp;Chapter 2

Earth population distribution, density and growth

Exercises

1.Choose the correct answer from the following four options.

(i) Which of the following continents has the highest population growth rate:-

a) Africa, b) South America,

c) Asia, d) North America.

Answer:&nbsp;(a) Africa&nbsp;

(ii) Which of the following areas is not a sparsely populated area:-

a) Atacama b) South East Asia

C) equatorial regions d) polar regions.

Answer:&nbsp;(b) South East Asia&nbsp;

(iii) Which of the following is not an attractive factor:-

(a) Water shortage (b) Medical / educational facilities, (c) Employment&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Epidemic&nbsp;

Answer:&nbsp;(b) Medical / educational facilities.

(iv) Which of the following is not correct information.

a) Over the past 500 years, the population has increased more than tenfold;

b) about 80 million people add to the total population of the world every year;

c) It takes 100 years for the population to increase from 5 to 6;

d) In the first phase of population settlement, population growth occurs at the highest rate.

Answer:&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;It takes 100 years for the population to increase from 5 to 6 Mahapads.

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Write about three geographical factors that influence population distribution.

Answer: (1) Access to water&nbsp;Water is an essential part of life. Water is needed for bathing, cooking, etc. For these reasons, river valleys have become the most densely populated areas in the world.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(2) Topography-&nbsp;&nbsp;People always prefer to live in flat land areas. Therefore, the crops are good in such areas. The agriculture in the mountainous areas is not good and the roads are bad. Therefore, the settlement in such areas is thin.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3. Climate -&nbsp;People are more attracted to places with comfortable climate where the weather is not affected by the seasons. and therefore such areas are densely populated.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Soil -&nbsp;Fertile soil is required for agriculture or other activities. Therefore, such soil areas are densely populated.

(ii) On Earth, there are some of the most densely populated regions. Why does this happen?

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;In the world, there are some of the most densely populated areas.&nbsp;There are various reasons for its dense population. The main reasons are -&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;) Topography-&nbsp;&nbsp;People always prefer to live in flat land areas. Therefore, the crops are good in such areas. The agriculture in the mountainous areas is not good and the roads are bad. Therefore, the settlement in such areas is thin.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp;) Climate-&nbsp;&nbsp;People are more attracted to places with comfortable climate where the weather is not affected by the seasons. and therefore such areas are densely populated.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3) Soil -&nbsp;&nbsp;Fertile soil is required for agriculture or other activities. Therefore, such soil areas are densely populated.

(iii) What are the three components of population change?

Answer:&nbsp;The three components of population change are birth, death and migration.

&nbsp; &nbsp; Premature Birth Rate CBR The premature birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. It can be calculated as follows:&nbsp;

&nbsp; &nbsp; Here, CBR=preterm birth rate

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Bi= Number of live births in the current year

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; P= middle-aged population of the area.

3. Show the difference:

(i) Birth rate and death rate.

Answer:-&nbsp;&nbsp;

(ii) Attractive and repulsive factors of migration.

Answer:-&nbsp;&nbsp;

(i) The attractiveness of migration attracts people to a country or place.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;On the other hand, the attractiveness of migration creates a desire for a country or place.&nbsp;

(ii) Attractive factors are employment opportunities, security, good medical facilities, education system, affordable and easy transport facilities, good market facilities and healthy environment.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;On the other hand, the attractive factors of migration are unemployment, poor education system, war, epidemics, unhealthy environment, difficulties in transportation, difficulties in employment, etc.

(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;The attractiveness of migration increases the socio-economic activities of a country.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;On the other hand, the attractiveness of migration&nbsp;&nbsp;slows down socio-economic activities.

(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;The attractiveness of migration accelerates the process of urbanization of the country.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; On the other hand, deflection factors slow down the urbanization process.

4. Write the answers to the following questions in about 150 words.

(i) Discuss the factors affecting the population, distribution and density of the Earth.

Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;) Topography-&nbsp;&nbsp;People always prefer to live in flat land areas. This is because such areas are suitable for crop&nbsp;production and for road construction and industrial establishment&nbsp;. Hilly and mountainous topography hinders the expansion of transport and therefore does not conduce to the development of agriculture and industry in the initial stages. Therefore, settlement in such areas is thin. In the world, the Ganges plain is the most densely populated region, while the Himalayan mountainous regions are sparsely populated.&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp;) Climate -&nbsp;&nbsp;Extreme climates such as extremely hot or cold deserts are not comfortable for human settlement. People are more attracted to places with comfortable climates where the weather is not affected by the seasons. and therefore such areas are densely populated. Areas with very high rainfall or extreme climates are less densely populated. The Mediterranean region has been inhabited since prehistoric times due to its healthy climate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3) Soil -&nbsp;&nbsp;Fertile soil is required for agriculture or other activities. Since fertile sandy soils can support extensive agriculture, such soil areas are densely populated.&nbsp;

(ii) Discuss the three stages of population shift.

Answer:&nbsp;The former has higher fertility and higher mortality because people are more productive to compensate for deaths caused by epidemics and varied food supply. Population growth is slow and most people adopt agriculture, where large families are like property. Life expectancy is low, most people are uneducated and use low technology. All the countries in the world, two hundred years ago, were at this level.

&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;In the second stage, initially there is a high level of fertility but it starts to decrease over time. It is associated with a low mortality rate. Achievement&nbsp;of healthy status&nbsp;and health status reduces mortality and results in higher actual contribution to the population.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; In the final stage, both fertility and mortality decline. Population, stable or slowly growing. The population becomes educated and highly technologically advanced as it urbanizes and is able to purposefully manage the family. This shows that humans are extremely flexible and are able to adjust fertility. At present, different countries, are in different demographic transitions.

Map Strategies

On the map with boundaries, name and show the following.

(i) Negative population growth, European and Asian countries.

(ii) Countries in Africa with a population growth rate of more than three per cent.

schemes/ activities

(i) Have any members of your family migrated? Write about their (female/ male) destination. Why did he migrate?

Answer:&nbsp;Not done.

(ii) Write a brief description of the population distribution and density of your state.

According&nbsp;&nbsp;to the 2011 census, the total population of Assam is 31.2 million. In 2011, Assam had a population of 2.58 per cent of India. The total population of Assam is 31,205,576 of which 15,939,443 are males and 15,266,133 are females.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Assam has a total area of 78,438 sq km. Thus, the population density of Assam is 398 per sq km which is higher than the national average of 382 per sq km.

&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Assamese is the predominant indigenous and official language while Bengali is the official language of the three districts of the Barak Valley. There are also several schools in Assam with English as the medium of instruction. According to the 2011 Language Census, a total of 1,53,11,351 people spoke Assamese as their mother tongue and it ranks 12th among the 22 scheduled languages spoken in India. Assam has a total literacy rate of 72.19% as of 2011 census. Male literacy rate is 77.85% and female literacy rate is 66.27%.

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