Kathmandu
I. Answer these questions in one or two words or in short phrases.
1. Name the two temples the author visited in Kathmandu.
Answer: Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa.
2. The writer says, “All this I wash down with Coca-Cola.” What does “all this” refer to?
Answer: Roasted corn-on-the-cob and marzipan.
3. What does Vikram Seth compare to the quills of a porcupine?
Answer: The flutes tied to the top of the flute seller’s pole.
4. Name five kinds of flutes.
Answer: The reed neh, the recorder, the Japanese shakuhachi, the deep bansuri and the high-pitched Chinese flute.
II. Answer each question in a short paragraph.
1. What difference does the author note between the flute seller and the other hawkers?
Answer: Unlike the other hawkers, the flute seller does not shout to attract customers. He quietly plays his flute from time to time and sells his wares in a casual, almost indifferent manner, as though selling flutes were only a secondary activity.
2. What is the belief at Pashupatinath about the end of Kaliyug?
Answer: People believe that when the small shrine that now partly appears from the Bagmati River emerges completely, the goddess inside it will escape. At that moment, the evil period of Kaliyug will come to an end.
3. The author has drawn powerful images and pictures. Pick out three examples each of:
(i) The atmosphere of “febrile confusion” outside the temple of Pashupatinath
Answer:
- Worshippers push and elbow one another to reach the priests.
- Monkeys fight and chase one another around the temple.
- Priests, devotees, hawkers, tourists and animals crowd the temple grounds.
(ii) The things he sees
Answer:
- A princess of the Nepalese royal family.
- Shops selling felt bags, Tibetan prints and silver jewellery.
- A flute seller carrying a pole covered with flutes.
(iii) The sounds he hears
Answer:
- Film songs blaring from radios.
- Car horns and bicycle bells.
- Vendors shouting and the flute seller playing different tunes.
III. Answer the following questions in 100–150 words each.
1. Compare and contrast the atmosphere in and around the Boudhanath shrine with the Pashupatinath temple.
Answer: The atmosphere at Pashupatinath is crowded, noisy and full of what the author calls “febrile confusion.” Priests, devotees, hawkers, tourists and animals move about everywhere. People push forward to reach the priests, while monkeys fight and create further disorder. The Bagmati River nearby also adds to the intense religious atmosphere. In contrast, Boudhanath is calm and peaceful. Its huge white dome stands quietly, surrounded by a road and small shops, many of them run by Tibetan immigrants. There are fewer crowds and much less noise. Thus, Pashupatinath appears lively, chaotic and restless, while Boudhanath gives the author a feeling of stillness, peace and quiet.
2. How does the author describe Kathmandu’s busiest streets?
Answer: The author describes Kathmandu’s busiest streets as colourful, crowded and full of life. Narrow streets are lined with small shrines and shops selling fruits, flutes, postcards, Western cosmetics, chocolates, film rolls, copper utensils and Nepalese antiques. The air is filled with different sounds—film songs from radios, car horns, bicycle bells, vendors calling out their goods and the lowing of stray cows. Amid this lively atmosphere, the author enjoys roasted corn-on-the-cob and marzipan and drinks Coca-Cola and orange juice. His description presents Kathmandu as a fascinating mixture of religion, business, colour, noise and everyday street life.
3. “To hear any flute is to be drawn into the commonality of all mankind.” Why does the author say this?
Answer: The author says this because the flute is found in many different cultures across the world. Though its shape, sound and method of playing may differ, it is made alive everywhere by the same human breath. He mentions the reed neh, the recorder, the Japanese shakuhachi, the Indian bansuri, South American flutes and Chinese flutes. Each has its own character, yet all belong to one universal family of music. The sound of a flute therefore seems to cross boundaries of nation, language, religion and culture. To the author, listening to a flute reminds us that human beings, despite their differences, share the same breath of life and a common emotional bond.
Thinking About Language
Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings.
1. Break out
Sentence: A communal war broke out when the princess was abducted by the neighbouring prince.
Meaning: Start suddenly.
2. Break off
Sentence: The cockpit broke off from the plane during the crash.
Meaning: Separate or become detached.
3. Break down
Sentence: The car broke down on the way and we were left stranded in the jungle.
Meaning: Stop working.
4. Break away
Sentence: The dacoit broke away from the police while they were taking him to court.
Meaning: Escape or get free.
5. Break up
Sentence: The brothers broke up after the death of their father.
Meaning: Separate or end a relationship.
6. Break into
Sentence: The thief broke into our house when we were away.
Meaning: Enter by force.
Important Extra Question Answers
1. Why is Pashupatinath described as a place of “febrile confusion”?
Answer: Pashupatinath is described in this way because the temple is crowded with priests, devotees, tourists, hawkers and animals. People push one another, monkeys fight, and constant movement creates a restless and chaotic atmosphere.
2. Why does Boudhanath seem peaceful to the author?
Answer: Boudhanath has fewer crowds, less noise and a calm atmosphere. Its large white dome, quiet road and small surrounding shops give the place a sense of stillness and peace.
3. What attracts the author’s attention about the flute seller?
Answer: The author is attracted by the flute seller’s calm manner. Unlike other hawkers, he does not shout. He quietly plays his flute and sells in an unhurried, almost casual way.
4. Why does the author find flute music special?
Answer: The author finds flute music special because the instrument exists in many cultures. Though the forms differ, every flute is played by human breath and creates a sense of shared human experience.
5. What kind of city does Kathmandu appear to be in the chapter?
Answer: Kathmandu appears to be a city where religion, trade, noise, colour and culture exist together. It is crowded and lively, yet it also contains peaceful religious places like Boudhanath.
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Who is the author of “Kathmandu”?
a) Ruskin Bond
b) Vikram Seth
c) R. K. Narayan
d) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Answer: b) Vikram Seth
2. Which two religious places did the author visit?
a) Pashupatinath and Boudhanath
b) Swayambhunath and Boudhanath
c) Pashupatinath and Durbar Square
d) Boudhanath and Janaki Temple
Answer: a) Pashupatinath and Boudhanath
3. What does “all this” refer to?
a) Fruit and tea
b) Corn-on-the-cob and marzipan
c) Rice and curry
d) Chocolate and bread
Answer: b) Corn-on-the-cob and marzipan
4. What are compared to porcupine quills?
a) Temple flags
b) Flutes on a pole
c) Tree branches
d) Shop signs
Answer: b) Flutes on a pole
5. Which flute is Indian?
a) Shakuhachi
b) Bansuri
c) Recorder
d) Reed neh
Answer: b) Bansuri
6. How does the flute seller attract customers?
a) By shouting loudly
b) By ringing a bell
c) By playing the flute
d) By offering discounts
Answer: c) By playing the flute
7. What is the atmosphere at Pashupatinath?
a) Silent
b) Calm
c) Chaotic
d) Empty
Answer: c) Chaotic
8. What is the atmosphere at Boudhanath?
a) Peaceful
b) Confusing
c) Noisy
d) Crowded
Answer: a) Peaceful
9. What happens when the shrine in the Bagmati fully emerges, according to belief?
a) The river will dry up
b) Kaliyug will end
c) The temple will fall
d) The city will flood
Answer: b) Kaliyug will end
10. Who causes trouble around Pashupatinath?
a) Horses
b) Monkeys
c) Elephants
d) Cats
Answer: b) Monkeys
11. What does the author see being sold in Kathmandu?
a) Tibetan prints
b) Cars
c) Furniture only
d) Farm tools only
Answer: a) Tibetan prints
12. Which sound is heard in Kathmandu’s busy streets?
a) Only temple bells
b) Car horns
c) Complete silence
d) Sea waves
Answer: b) Car horns
13. Who owns many of the shops around Boudhanath?
a) Indian tourists
b) Tibetan immigrants
c) Temple priests
d) Chinese traders only
Answer: b) Tibetan immigrants
14. What does “febrile confusion” mean?
a) Peaceful silence
b) Restless disorder
c) Religious prayer
d) Musical joy
Answer: b) Restless disorder
15. Why does the flute appeal to the author?
a) It is expensive
b) It is universal
c) It is rare
d) It is difficult to play
Answer: b) It is universal
16. Which phrase best describes Kathmandu?
a) Empty and silent
b) Religious, commercial and lively
c) Cold and deserted
d) Only modern
Answer: b) Religious, commercial and lively
17. Which phrasal verb means “start suddenly”?
a) Break down
b) Break out
c) Break off
d) Break up
Answer: b) Break out
18. Which phrasal verb means “stop working”?
a) Break into
b) Break away
c) Break down
d) Break off
Answer: c) Break down
19. Which phrasal verb means “enter forcibly”?
a) Break into
b) Break out
c) Break up
d) Break away
Answer: a) Break into
20. What central idea is expressed through the flute?
a) Music belongs to one country
b) Music divides people
c) Humanity shares a common bond
d) Flutes are the oldest instruments
Answer: c) Humanity shares a common bond
Teacher Generate Question Answer
1. Answer these questions in one or two words or in short phrases.
এই প্ৰশ্নবোৰৰ উত্তৰ এটা বা দুটা শব্দত অথবা চুটি বাক্যত লিখা)
1) Name the two temples the author visited in Kathmandu.
(কাঠমাণ্ডুত লিখকে দৰ্শন কৰা দুটা মন্দিৰৰ নাম লিখা।
Answer:- Pashupatinath and Boudhanath Stupa.
পশুপতিনাথ আৰু বৌধনথ স্তূপ
2) The writer says, “All this I wash down with coca cola.” What does “all this” refer to?
লিখকে কৈছে, “এই সকলোবোৰ মই ক’কা ক’লা দি ধূই পেলালো, “এই সকলোবোৰে” কি বুজাইছে?
Answer:- Com-on- the-cob and marzipan
মাকৈ আৰু চকলেট
3) What does Vikram Seth compare to the quills of a porcupine?
বিক্ৰম শেঠে এটা শংকুপনৰ কুইলৰ সৈতে কি তুলনা কৰে
Answer:- The flutes- lled on the top of the flute seller’s pole.
খুটাটোত একেবাৰে ওপৰত বান্ধ খাই থকা বাঁহী।
4) Name five kinds of flutes.
পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ বাঁহীৰ নাম লিখা।
Answer:- The reed neh, the recorder, the Japanese Shaku chi, the deep bansuri, the breathy flutes of South America, and the high pitched Chinese flutes.
দ্যা ৰেড নীহ, দ্যা ৰেকডাৰ, দ্যা জাপানীজ ছাকুহাৰী, দ্যা দীপ বাঞ্চুৰি, দ্যা ছাউথ আমেৰীকাৰ বাহী, উচ্চ সুৰৰ চাইনীজ বাঁহী
II. Answer each question in a short paragraph.
চুটি স্তৱ উত্তৰ লিখা।
1. What difference does the author note between the flute seller and the other hawkers?
লিখকে বাঁহী বিক্ৰেতা আৰু বাকী বেপাৰীবোৰৰ মাজত কি পাৰ্থক্য দেখা পাইছিল?
Answer:- The author finds a difference in selling the articles. The flute seller does not shout out his wares. He makes a sale in a curiously off handed way as if this was incidental to his enterprise.
লিখকে বেপাৰীবোৰৰ মাজত প্ৰভেদ দেখা পাইছিল। বাঁহী বিক্ৰেতাজনে কোনো চিঞৰ মৰা নাছিল, তেখেতে বিশেষ ভাবে মাজে মাজে বাঁহী বজাই গ্ৰাহকক আকৰ্ষিত কৰিছিল।
2. What is the belief at Pashupatinath about the end of Kaliyah?
পণ্ডপতি নাথত কলি যুগৰ শেষক লৈ কি বিশ্বাস আছে?
Answer:- At Pashupatinath, people believe that when a small Shrine emerges fully on Bagmati river, the goddess inside will escape, and the evil period of the Kaliyah will end on earth.
পণ্ডপতি নাথত মানুহে বিশ্বাস কৰে যে, যেতিয়া বাগমতী নদীত এটা স্তপ সম্পূৰ্ণ ৰূপে ওপৰলৈ ওলাই আহিব তেতিয়া তাৰ ভিতৰত থকা ভগৱানে আহি কলি যুগ ধ্বংস কৰিব।
3. The author has drawn awerful images images and pictures-Pick out three examples each of
কবিয়ে বহুতো ছবি তথা চিহ্নৰ উল্লেখ কৰিছে। প্ৰত্যেকৰে উদাহৰণ দিয়া
i. The atmosphere of ‘febrile confusion’ outside the temple of Pashupatinath (for example: some people trying to get priest’s attention are elbowed aside…)
মন্দিৰৰ বাহিৰত হুলস্থুলীয়া পৰিৱেশ আছিল পণ্ডপতি নাথ
Answer:- The author describes the fight between two monkish vividly. One chares the other, Who jumps onto a shriveling’s then runs screaming around the temples and down to the rivers.
লিখকে মন্দিৰত বানাৰকেইটাৰ মাজত হোৱা কাজিয়াৰ কথা বৰ্ননা কৰিছিল। এটা বান্দৰে আনটোৰ পাছ লৈছিল তাৰ পাছত শিৱ লিংগটোৰ ওপৰেদি উঠি গৈ গোটেই মন্দিৰটোত চিঞৰি ফুৰিছিল আৰু পাছত নদীখনৰ ফালে গৈছিল।
ii. the thing he sees
তেঁও দেখা পোৱা বস্তুবোৰ
Answer:- The author observes a princes of the Nepalese royal house. Everyone bows to her. Her sees monkeys, felt bags, Tibetan prints and silver jewelry.
লিখকে নেপালী ৰাজ বংশৰ এগৰাকী ৰাজকুমাৰীক দেখা পাইছিল। সকলোৱে তাইক মূৰ দূৱাইছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ বান্দৰ, বেগ, তিব্বতৰ সামগ্ৰী আৰু ৰূপ অলংকাৰ আদি দেখিছিল।
iii. The sounds he hears
তেওঁ শুনা শব্দবোৰ
Answer:- He hears film songs from the radios, ear horns, bicycle bells, stray cows low and vendors short out their wares. He also listens to the various flutes played by the flute seller.
তেঁও ৰেডিঅ’ৰ পৰা চিনেমাৰ গান, গাড়ীৰ হৰ্ণ, চাইকেলৰ, টিলিঙা, পথৰ কাষৰ গৰু তথা দোকানীবিলাকৰ চিঞৰ আদি শুনিছিল। ইয়াৰোপৰি তেঁও বিভিন্ন বাঁহীৰ শব্দ শুনা পাইছিল।
III. Answer the following questions in not more than 100-150 words each:
প্ৰশ্নসমূহৰ উত্তৰ ১০০ ৰ পৰা ১৫০ শব্দৰ ভিতৰত দিয়া।
1. Compare and contrast the atmosphere in the around the Baudhnath shrine with the Pashupatinath Temple?
বৌদ্ধনাথ স্তপ আৰু পণ্ডপতি নাথ মন্দিৰৰ পৰিৱেশৰ তুলনামূলক অধ্যয়ন আগবঢ়োৱা।
Answer:- At Pashupatinath temple, there is an atmosphere of “febrile confusion”. Priests, hawkers, devotees, tourists, cause, monkeys, pigeons and dogs room through the grounds. There are so many worshipers that some people trying to get the priests attention are albowed aside by others pushing their way to the front, while at the Baudhnath stupa, the environment is so calm and a sense of stillness is there. Its immense white dome is ringed by a road. Small shapes stand on its outer edge. Most of the shops are owned by Tibetan immigrants. There are no crowds and this is a heaven of quietness in the busy streets around.
পণ্ডপতি নাথ মন্দিৰত হুলস্থুলীয়া পৰিৱেশ আছিল। পুৰোহিত, বেপাৰী, দৰ্শনাৰ্থী, পৰ্যটক, বান্দৰ, গৰু, পাৰ, কুকুৰ আদি সকলো ঘূৰি ফুৰিছিল। বহুতো দৰ্শনাৰ্থীয়ে পুৰাৰীৰ আশীৰ্বাদ পাব বাবে আঠুকাঢ়ি আছিল। ইয়াৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে বৌদ্ধনাথ স্তুপত শান্তি পূৰ্ণ পৰিৱেশ আছিল। ইয়াৰ শুদ্ধ বগা ৰঙে সকলোকে আকৰ্ষণ কৰিছিল। মন্দিৰৰ বাহিৰত সৰু সৰু দোকন আছিল। দোকানবিলাকত প্ৰায়ভাগ তিব্বত শৰণাৰ্থী বিক্ৰেতা আছিল। তাত স্বৰ্গ পূৰীৰ দৰে শান্তিময় পৰিৱেশ আছিল।
2. How does the author describe Kathmandu’s busiest street’s?
লিখকে কিদৰে কাঠমাণ্ডুৰ ব্যস্ত পথৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰিছিল?
Answer:- The author says that Kathmandu is vivid, mercenary, religious, with small shrines to flower adorned deities along the narrowest and busiest streets. There are are fruit sellers, flute sellers, howres of postcards, shapes selling western cosmetics, film ralls and chocolate or copper utensils and Nepalese antiques. Film songs blare out from the radios, or horns sound, bicycle bells ring, stray cows low, vendors shout out their wares. The author buys a com-on-the cab roasted in charcoal brazier on the pavement. He also buys coca cola and orange drink.
লিখকে কৈছিল কাঠমাণ্ডুৰ ৰাস্তাবোৰ স্বচ্ছ, ফুলৰ দোকানেৰে ভৰপূৰ, সৰু সৰু ভগৱানৰ মূৰ্তিৰে পৰিপূৰ আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ফলমূলৰ বিক্ৰেতা, বাঁহী বিক্ৰেতা, পষ্টকাউ বিক্ৰেতা, প্ৰসাধন সামগ্ৰী, চিনেমা বোল, চকলেট, কণাৰৰ বাচন, নেপালী সামগ্ৰী বিক্ৰী কৰা মানুহ আদি আছিল।ৰাস্তাৰ কাষৰ দোকানবোৰৰ পৰা গানৰ শব্দ তথা গাড়ীৰ হৰ্ণ, চাইকেলৰ টিলিঙা, বেপাৰীবিলাকৰ শব্দ আদি শুনা গৈছিল। লিখকে মাকৈ কিনি খাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পাছত ক’কা ক’লা আৰু কমলা ৰস কিনি খাইছিল।
3. To hear any flute is to be drown into the commonality of all mankind, “Why does the author say this?
“বাঁহীৰ শব্দই মানুহৰ মাজত বিভেদ নাইকিয়া কৰে” লিখকে কিয় এনেকৈ কৈছিল?
Answer:- The author considers flute music to be “the most universal and most particular” of all music. This is a musical instrument that is common to all cultures. We have the read neh, the recorder, the taponese shakunavhi, the deep bansuri of Hindustani classical music, the clear or breathy flute of south America. The high pitched Chinese flutes etc. Even though each of these has its specific fingerings and compass yet, for the author, to her any flute is “to be drown into the community of all mankind. “Apart from the differences in caste, culture religion all human beings are the same, with the some living breath running through all of them.
লিখকে বাঁহীৰ সুৰক অনন্য আৰু বিশ্ব স্বৰূপ বুলি কৈছে। বাঁহী হৈছে সকলো সংস্কৃতিৰে চিৰ পৰিচিত বাদ্য। বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ বাঁহী, যেনেঃ ৰেড নী জাপানীজ বাঁহী, আমেৰিকন বাঁহী, হিন্দুস্থানী বাঁহী আদি আছে। সকলো বাঁহীৰে নিজৰ বাদ্য শৈল্য আছে যদিও ইয়াৰ সুৰবোৰ বিশ্বজননী আৰু চিৰ পৰিচিত। মানুহৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো একেই; ধৰ্ম, জাতি, ভাযা, সংস্কৃতি আদিৰ বিপৰীতে লকলো মানুহ ওকতাৰে জৰীৰে বান্ধ খাই আছে।
III) Answer The following questions in not more than 100-150 words each.
1. Compare and contrast the atmosphere in and around the Baudhnath shrine with the Pashupatinath temple.
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2. How does the author describe Kathmandu’s busiest streets?
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3. ” To hear any flute is to be drawn into the commonality of all mankind.” Why does the author say this?
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Thinking the following sentences carefully to understand the meaning of the italicised phrases.Then match the phrasal verbs in column A with their meanings in column B.
1. A communal war broke out when the princess was abducted by the neighbouring prince.
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2. The cockpit broke off from the plane during the plane crash.
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3. The car broke down on the way and we were left stranded in the jungle.
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4. The dacoit broke away from police as they took him to court.
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5. The brothers broke up after the death of the father.
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6. The thief broke into our house when we were away.
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II)
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