Iifeksti zokuqala eNgilane zeza nge-1730s. Kodwa yayikwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo kuphela apho inani leefektri ziyanda.
Uphawu lokuqala lwexesha elitsha yayingumqhaphu. Ukuveliswa kwayo kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Kwi-1760 iBritain yayingenisa i-2.5 yezigidi zepawundi ye-quaw cotton ukondla ishishini lekotoni. Ngo-1787 oku kungenisa izigidi ezingama-22 ezigidi. Oku kunyuka kunxulunyaniswa nenani leenguqu ngaphakathi kwemveliso. Makhe siqwalasele kancinci kwezinye kwezi.
Uthotho lwentsebenzo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo inyukele ukusebenza kwenqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yemveliso (ekhasisayo, ukujija kunye nokujikeleza, kunye nokuqengqeleka). Baphucula imveliso ngomsebenzi, benza umsebenzi ngamnye ukuba bavelise okungakumbi, kwaye bakwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kuveliswe ngemisonto eyomeleleyo kunye nomtya. Emva koko uRichard Azarwright wadala ikotoni yekotoni. Kude kube lelo xesha, njengoko ubonile, imveliso yelaphu yayisasazeke emaphandleni kwaye yenziwa ngaphakathi kumakhaya elali. Kodwa ngoku, oomatshini abatsha abaneendleko banokuthengwa, besekwe kwaye bagcinwa kwigameni. Ngaphakathi kwi-million zonke iinkqubo zadityaniswa phantsi kophahla nolawulo. Oku kuvumele ukubekwa esweni ngakumbi ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa, iwotshi yomgangatho, kunye nokulawulwa kwabasebenzi, konke kwakunzima ukukwenza xa imveliso yayisemaphandleni.
Kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, iifektri ziya ziba yinxalenye yemeko esenyongweni yendawo yesiNgesi. Ebonakala ngathi kukho i-mills entsha, ngoko ke imilingo yayibonakala ngathi ingamandla etekhnoloji entsha, abantu ababebalasele bedunyisiwe. Bagxininisa ingqalelo yabo kwimigca, baphantse balibale i-wills kunye noocweyo lokusebenzela apho ukubenza khona.
Language: Xhosa