Haasi ese mapoka emagariro akazadzwa neiyo isadzore pfungwa yeSwarj. Rimwe boka rakadaro rakanga riri ‘zvisinga zvisizvo’, ndiani kubva kumativi e1930s akange atanga kuzvidaidza kuti Dalit kana kudzvinyirirwa. Kwenguva yakareba kuti Congress yakanga yafuratira iyo Dalits, nekutya kugumbura Sanatanis, iyo inochengetedza-yakakwirira-casus maHinus. Asi Mahatma Gandhi akazivisa kuti Saraj aisazouya zana kana makore ekutonga asina kubviswa. Akadana Harijan ” asingabvumirano, kana vana vaMwari, akaronga Syagraha kuti avadzipirire kupinda mumatembere, uye kuwana matsime eruzhinji, matangi, migwagwa uye zvikoro. Iye amene akachenesa zvimbuzi kuremekedza basa reBhangi (The Sriespers), uye anokurudzirwa kumusoro kukwiridzira kushandura mwoyo yavo uye kurega ‘zvivi zvekutadza’. Asi vazhinji vatungamiriri veDalit vaifarira mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika kumatambudziko enharaunda. Vakatanga kuzvironga pachavo, vachitambidza zvigaro zvakachengetedzeka mumasangano ezvedzidzo, uye vakasarudzika vakasarudzwa izvo zvaizozosarudza nhengo dzeDalit dzemakanzuru emutemo. Aya mabasa ezvematongerwo enyika, vaitenda, vaizogadzirisa matambudziko ekuremara kwavo kwemagariro. Dalit kutora chikamu mukufamba kwevanhu
Dr B.R. Ambedkar, uyo akaronga dalits muzvikamu zvakaora mwoyo muna 1930, akarwa naMavo Gandhi pamutauro wechipiri kutenderera kwemusangano wekutaurisa vakasarudzika. Kana hurumende yeBritish ichibvunzana nezvaAmindedkar, Gandhiji akatanga kutsanya kusvika parufu. Akatenda kuti akapatsanura vakasarudzika veDalits vaizodzora maitiro ekubatanidzwa kwavo munharaunda. Ambedkar pakupedzisira akagamuchira Gandhiji chinzvimbo uye mhedzisiro yaive iyo Poona pact yaSeptember 1932. Kwakazozivikanwa sechigaro chezvirongwa zvepurasitiki, asi ivo vaifanira kuvhiyiwa nemagazini. Iyo Dalit Movement, zvisinei, yakaramba ichitya nezvekutya kweCongress- yakatungamira nyika yekufamba.
Mamwe emasangano echiMuslim zvemusangano muIndia aidziyawo mukupindura kwavo kufambidzana kwevanhu vekusateedzera kwevanhu. Mushure mekuderera kweasina-kushandira-khilafat kufamba, chikamu chikuru chevaMuslim vakanzwa vakaparadzaniswa kubva kuCongress. Kubva pakati pa1920s Congress yakazove yakaoneka ichizivikanwa nevhu rakasununguka mapoka echitendero chechiHindu senge muHindu Mahasabha. Sangano pakati pakati pevaMusinari nevaMuslim vakawedzera, nharaunda imwe neimwe yakaronga mafambiro ezvekurarama zvechitendero, zvinopokana neHindu-muMuslim Constinari uye mhirizhonga mumaguta akasiyana siyana. Bongozozo rega rega rakawedzera kure kure pakati penharaunda mbiri idzi.
Iyo Congress uye Musimusi wechiMuslim akaedza kuedza kuendesa mubatanidzwa, uye muna 1927 zvakaoneka kuti kubatana kwakadaro kunogona kuumbwa. Misiyano yakakosha yaive pamusoro pemubvunzo wekumiririra muzvibvumirano zvenguva yemberi izvo zvaifanira kusarudzwa. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, mumwe wevatungamiriri veMuslim Leaats yekuparadzanisa vakasarudzika, kana maMuslim akasimbiswa mugungano rakachengetedzwa uye mumiririri akaenzana neVanhu veMuslim (Bengal uye Punjab). Kukurukurirana pamusoro pemubvunzo wekumiririra kwakapfuurira asi tariro yese yekugadzirisa nyaya kumapato ese emusangano muna 1928 yakanyangarika yeM.R. Jayakar yeHindu Mahasabha kuedza kwakapokana zvakanyanya pakukanganisika.
Patakatanga kusaterera kwevagari pakatanga kwaive nemamiriro ekunze ekufungidzira uye kusavimbika pakati penharaunda. Yakaparadzaniswa kubva kuCongress, zvikamu zvikuru zveMuslim hazvigone kupindura kudanwa kwehondo yakabatana. Vatungamiriri vazhinji vechiMuslim uye vakadzidza vakaratidza kunetseka kwavo nezve mamiriro eMuslim sevashoma mukati meIndia. Vakatya kuti tsika uye kuzivikanwa kwevadiki vaizonyudzwa pasi pehutongi hwevanhu vazhinji vechiHindu.
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Muna 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, seMutungamiri wechiMuslim League, akadzokorora kukosha kwekuparadzanisa masevhisi evaMuslim sechengetedzo yezvakawanda zvezvematongerwo enyika. Chirevo chake chinofanirwa kuve chakapa kururamisa kwehungwaru kwechikumbiro chePakistan chakauya mumakore anotevera. Izvi ndizvo zvaAkataura:
‘Ini handina kuzeza kuzivisa kuti kana iyo pfungwa yekuti muMuslim izere uye ivhu remagetsi emayunivhesiti eIndia anozivikanwa. Iyo nheyo yekuti boka rega rega rine kodzero yekuvandudza kusununguka pamitsetse yaro haina kufuridzirwa nekunzwa kwese kwekunzwisisa nharaunda yakafuridzirwa nekunzwa kwekurwara-kune dzimwe nharaunda kwakaderera uye kusingafadzi. Ndinovaraidza kuremekedza kwakanyanya kwetsika, mitemo, zvitendero uye masangano enharaunda dzedzimwe nharaunda. Kwete, ibasa rangu maererano nedzidziso dzeQuran, kunyangwe kudzivirira nzvimbo dzadzo dzekunamatira, kana zvichida. Asi ini ndinoda boka racho iro riripo hwehupenyu nemaitiro uye izvo zvakandiumba zvandiri kundipa chitendero chacho, mabhuku ayo, uye saka zvaro zvakapfuura seyako yekushandisa pane yangu yekuziva …
‘Kushamwaridzana mune kwayo kwakakwirira, ipapoka, kunokosha kune kuumbwa kweiyo yakabatana yakazara munyika yakaita seIndia. Masangano eIndia nzanga haasi nzvimbo seyenyika dzeEurope … Iyo nheyo yeEuropean Democracy haigone kuiswa kuIndia usingazive chokwadi chemapoka emunharaunda. Iyo yeMuslim inoda yekusikwa kweMuslim India mukati meIndia ndeyekuti, saka, kururamiswa kwakanyatsorongeka …
‘VaHindu vanofunga kuti vakasiyana vakasarudzika vanopesana nemweya werudzi rwechokwadi, nekuti anonzwisisa izwi rekuti “rudzi” rekureva rudzi rwezvakavanzika. Mamiriro akadaro ezvinhu, zvisinei, haapo. India inyika yemadzinza uye yechitendero. Wedzera kune iyi huwandu hwehupfumi hwemaMuslim, kunyanya muchikwereti chikuru, kunyanya muPunjab, uye zvavangave zvarapo uye iwe uchatanga kuona zvinorehwa nekufunganya kwesesitomu.
Language: Shona