Urhwebo lwaseIndiya, ubukoloniyali kunye nenkqubo yehlabathi

Ngokwembali, iikotato ezintle eziveliswe eIndiya zathunyelwa ngaphandle eYurophu. Ngomsebenzi wemveliso, ukuvelisa i-cotton yaseBritane kwaqala ukwandisa, kwaye amashishini acinezelwe urhulumente ukuthintela ukungenisa umgaqo-nkqubo ukukhusela amashishini endawo. Uluhlu lweerhafu lubekiwe kwilaphu engenabugqwetha eBritane. Ngenxa yoko, umqhaphu ohamba eIndiya waqala ukwala.

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, abavelisi baseBritane baqalisa ukufuna ukuthengisa phesheya kwilaphu labo. Ingabandakanywa kwimarike yaseBritane nge-rittrifr izithintelo, amalaya aseIndiya ngoku ajamelana nokhuphiswano oluqinileyo kwezinye iimarike zamanye amazwe. Ukuba sijonga amanani okuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ukusuka eIndiya, sibona ukwehla okungagungqiyo kwesabelo se-cotton: ukusuka kwiipesenti ezingama-30 ukuya kwi-1800 ukuya kwi-1870.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko i-Indiya? Amanani kwakhona axelele ibali elimangalisayo. Ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ehlile ngokukhawuleza, kuthumeza izinto ezingafunekiyo zonyuke ngokulinganayo. Phakathi kwe-1812 ne-1871, isahlulo se-Cotton Cotton inyuka ukusuka kwi-5 pesenti ukuya kwi-35 pesenti. I-Indigo esetyenziselwa ilaphu yokudaya lelinye kwelinye ilizwe ngaphandle kwamazwe angaphandle amashumi eminyaka. Kwaye, njengoko ufunda kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-opium the china eTshayina ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-1820s ukuya kuthi ga kwi-India eyodwa kathathu. I-Britane ikhula e-India kwaye yathumela i-China kwaye yathumela i-China kwaye, ngemali efunyenwe kule ntengiso, ixhase imali kunye nabanye abavela eTshayina.

Kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukuvelisa iBritine ikhukulise imarike yaseIndiya. Ukuphuma kwengqolowa yokutya kunye nokuthumela izinto ezingaphandle kwe-DEW ukuya e-India ukuya eBritani kunye nehlabathi liphela zanda. Kodwa ixabiso leTswelo le-Bhritane ngaphandle eIndiya laliphezulu kakhulu kunexabiso le-Britane elingenisa elizweni livela eIndiya. Yiyo loo nto iBritani yayi ‘nentsalela yorhwebo’ neIndiya. I-Britane isebenzise le ntsalela yokulinganisa ukusilela kwezorhwebo kunye namanye amazwe – oko kukuthi, namazwe apho iBritane ingenisa ngaphezulu kwayo. Le yindlela inkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala emininzi – ivumela intsilelo yelizwe elinye nelinye ilizwe eliza kuhlala lintsalela ngentsalela yayo nelizwe lesithathu. Ngokunceda iBritane ilungelelanise intsilelo yayo, i-India yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi elinesithoba.

Intsalela yorhwebo yaseBritane e-India ikwanceda ukuhlawula iintlawulo ezibizwa ngokuba ‘ziyiZindlu zasekhaya ezibandakanya amatyala aseBritane kunye nabarhwebi kwi-Britane yangaphandle, kunye nepenshini yamagosa aseBritani eIndiya.

  Language: Xhosa